Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of PM Composite Materials Reinforced with the Halloysite Particles

Abstract

The purpose of this work is the development of the aluminium alloy matrix composite materials using powder metallurgy technologies, including mechanical alloying and hot extrusion with the required properties and structure of the designed material. In this work halloysite nanotubes, was used as alternative reinforcement of metal matrix composites. Halloysite is a clayey mineral of volcanic origin, characterised by high porosity, high ion exchange, large specific surface and easy chemical, as well as mechanical treatment. High energy ball milling leads to uniform distribution of the halloysite reinforcing particles throughout the AlMg1SiCu matrix and simultaneously reduces the particle size. Proved microstructural changes influence the mechanical properties, especially microhardness, and compression yield, as well as wear resistant. The tribological analysis reveals that composite materials – irrespective of the measuring cycles number and load – are characterised by much smaller wear volume in comparison to the matrix material. The MMCs obtained as a result of mechanical alloying, cold compacting and hot extrusion are characterised with the microstructure of homogeneous distribution of halloysite particles in fine-grain matrix of AlMg1SiCu alloy, facilitate the obtainment of higher values of mechanical properties, compared to the base alloy. The composite materials reinforced with nanoparticles with 15% mass share are characterised by more than 180% higher yield strength and almost twice as higher microhardness compared to the matrix material. The analysis of the investigation results has confirmed that halloysite nanotubes can be applied as effective reinforcement in the MMCs.

Determination of the magnetostrictive response of nanoparticles via magnetoelectric measurements

“…Due to the soft matrix of the resulting composite, no hindering of the nanofiller deformation is expected. 31 The ME effect, on the basis of this new magnetostriction determination method, is defined as the variation of the electrical polarization (P) of a material in the presence of an applied magnetic field (H);…”

Dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on iron sand and natural rubber

“…The more cheaply produced iron particles iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) and barium ferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) tend to be irregular in shape, tend to have wider size distributions, and simply do not perform as well . Some iron alloy particles actually perform better than carbonyl iron, but they are significantly more expensive . It is apparent that more applications would quickly become commercially viable if the material cost could be reduced.…”

Variation of magneto‐mechanical properties in giant magnetostrictive composite materials

“…unfilled points on the boundary between particles and matrix). The characteristics are related to the method of producing composite materials and properties of the material representing the matrix . As a result of the low viscosity of the polyurethane resin used as the matrix for the composite materials developed the Terfenol‐D particles are well wetted (which is the evidence of good polar adhesion) and there are no non‐continuous links between those two phases.…”

“…Simultaneously, the share of the binding materials should provide the composite material with the desired mechanical and physical properties with the minimized effect on its usable properties. In the case of magnetostrictive composite materials, their resultant properties are decided not only by their components' characteristics and their volume fraction but also by the way of reinforcement, that is, matrix binding . Moreover—from the practical point of view—it is essential to achieve the largest deformation with the minimum magnetic field strength, in order to provide the most effective energy transformation.…”