Mechanical Improvement of a Fine-Grained Lateritic Soil Treated with Cement for Use in Road Construction

Mengue, Emmanuel; Mroueh, Hussein; Lancelot, Laurent; Eko, Robert Medjo

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002059

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The rest of the primary natural soil properties, such as particle grain size, Atterberg limits, maximum dry density, and optimum moisture content of the natural lateritic soil used in this study have been tabulated in Table 1. In regard to Table 1, the obtained results are within the ranges found for lateritic soil by other researchers [32,57,86]. The grain size distribution curve of lateritic soil and ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is illustrated in Figure 1, indicating the high content of fine grains: 61.26% of silt and 8.41% of clay, for lateritic soil.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

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Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil

et al. 2021

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The transportation infrastructure, including low-volume roads in some regions, needs to be constructed on weak ground, implying the necessity of soil stabilization. Untreated and cement-treated lateritic soil for low-volume road suitability were studied based on Malaysian standards. A series of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests was performed for four cement doses (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%) for different curing times. According to Malaysian standards, the study suggested 6% cement and 7 days curing time as the optimum cement dosage and curing time, respectively, based on their 0.8 MPa UCS values. The durability test indicated that the specimens treated with 3% cement collapsed directly upon soaking in water. Although the UCS of 6% cement-treated specimens decreased against wetting–drying (WD) cycles, the minimum threshold based on Malaysian standards was still maintained against 15 WD cycles. On the contrary, the durability of specimens treated with 9% and 12% cement represented a UCS increase against WD cycles. FESEM results indicated the formation of calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH), calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), and calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (CASH) as well as shrinking of pore size when untreated soil was mixed with cement. The formation of gels (CAH, CSH, CASH) and decreasing pore size could be clarified by EDX results in which the increase in cement content increased calcium.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Whereas, for 6%, 9%, and 12% cement, the samples were sheared in an inclined plane, as illustrated in Figure 6. The failure plane pattern obtained in this research is compatible with the research conducted by [86]. Although the overall UCS results shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Unconfined Compressive Strengthsupporting

confidence: 88%

Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil

et al. 2021

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“…Consequently, soil improvement techniques, especially soil-cement stabilization, have become the new method for overcoming the scarcity of standard materials by improving the essential properties of poor soil to the level needed for practical use in road construction. Soil improvement for road construction can be achieved by using techniques such as preloading, soil replacement, using recycled concrete aggregates, and using soil stabilizing agents [16][17][18][19][20]. The most popular technique is the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a stabilizing agent, leading to the technique of "soil-cement stabilization" [21], the goal of which is to increase soil strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, those UCS values increase as cement content and curing time increase. When this OPC clinker (Table 2) Soil improvement for road construction can be achieved by using techniques such as preloading, soil replacement, using recycled concrete aggregates, and using soil stabilizing agents [16][17][18][19][20]. The most popular technique is the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a stabilizing agent, leading to the technique of "soil-cement stabilization" [21], the goal of which is to increase soil strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilized High Clay Content Lateritic Soil Using Cement-FGD Gypsum Mixtures for Road Subbase Applications

et al. 2021

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With a lack of standard lateritic soil for use in road construction, suitable economical and sustainable soil-stabilization techniques are in demand. This study aimed to examine flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, a by-product of coal power plants, for use in soil–cement stabilization, specifically for ability to strengthen poor high-clay, lateritic soil but with a lower cement content. A series of compaction tests and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed in conjunction with scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. Therefore, the strength development and the role of FGD gypsum in the soil–cement–FGD gypsum mixtures with varying cement and FGD gypsum contents were characterized in this study. The study results showed that adding FGD gypsum can enhance the strength of the stabilized substandard lateritic soil. Extra FGD gypsum added to the cement hydration system provided more sulfate ions, leading to the formation of ettringite and monosulfate, which are the hardening cementitious products from the cement hydration reaction. Both products contributed to the strength gain of the soil–cement–FGD gypsum material. However, the strength can be reduced when too much FGD gypsum is added because the undissolved gypsum has a weak structure. Examinations of FGD gypsum in the soil–cement–FGD gypsum mixtures by SEM confirmed that adding FGD gypsum can reduce the cement content in a soil–cement mix to achieve a given UCS value.

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“…In terms of engineering application, there are two main research directions: improving and solidifying various soils with cement as curing agent; exploring the CMS mechanisms and their effects. For example, cement has been adopted to ameliorate fine-grained red clay [9] and grassroots soil [10], and solidify stable contaminated soil [11][12][13] and high organic matter soil [14]. Many scholars [15][16][17][18][19] blended cement, soil, water and admixtures in different ratios into a multi-phase mixture through uniform mixing, mechanical compaction and curing, applied the mixture to various aspects of foundation treatment (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cement-Modified Soil as Blocking Cushion of Saline Soil Subgrade

Lai¹,

Lei²,

Ji³

et al. 2020

RCMA

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This paper puts forward a novel approach called cement-modified soil (CMS) blocking cushion technology to reinforce the subgrade in saline soil region: the cushion layer of composite foundation and a roadbed partition layer are combined into one CMS layer. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified through outdoor experiments on the saline soil section (DK821+600-DK821+900) of the newly built Lanxin High-Speed Railway. The experimental results show that the CMS layer can effectively adjusts the pile-soil stress ratio of the composite foundation, thereby enhancing the bearing capacity of the composite foundation and reducing the total settlement of the subgrade; it is also verified that the CMS layer greatly suppresses the upward migration of capillary water and water vapor in the foundation soil, and curbs the migration of salt, preventing the secondary salinization of the railway subgrade. Overall, this research provides a simple and low-cost subgrade reinforcement technique for saline soil regions, shedding new light on the engineering application of the CMS.

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Mechanical Improvement of a Fine-Grained Lateritic Soil Treated with Cement for Use in Road Construction

Cited by 66 publications

References 30 publications

Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil

Strength and Durability of Cement-Treated Lateritic Soil

Stabilized High Clay Content Lateritic Soil Using Cement-FGD Gypsum Mixtures for Road Subbase Applications

Effects of Cement-Modified Soil as Blocking Cushion of Saline Soil Subgrade

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