Mechanical characteristics of oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastics as filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Ahmad, Mohd Nazri; Wahid, Mohammad Khalid; Maidin, Nurul Ain; Rahman, Mohd Hidayat Ab; Osman, Mohd Hairizal; Alis@Elias, Izzati Fatin

doi:10.1007/s40436-019-00287-w

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Fabrication of filament using natural fibers and printing of natural fiber made of filament involve high temperature, which may degrade the natural fiber, this consequently affects the performance of the composite. [ 25–29 ] However, few researchers successfully studied the FDM‐printed natural fiber composites. [ 30–34 ] Another challenge in FDM‐based composite development is the development of particle‐filled composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has several advantages that will make a revolution in polymeric material development. In the AM of polymeric materials, filament deposition modeling (FDM) has been widely used owing to its versatility, low cost, and efficacy. FDM includes different parameters and also an interlayer adhesion that contributes to the performance of the printed parts. In recent years, reinforcement has been introduced in FDM‐printed polymeric materials to improve performance. This review looked at different polymer materials that were printed using the FDM process. A systematic literature search was conducted on FDM‐printed polymers, and the mechanical and thermal performance of these materials was reviewed and critically reported. The performance of FDM printed polymeric materials has been discussed in relation to FDM process parameters, matrix type, fiber reinforcement type, particle reinforcement type, and lattice structure. In a nutshell, this review article will assist researchers working in the field of 3D printing of polymeric materials in understanding the various polymer and polymeric composites' properties and performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review

et al. 2021

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“…The studies [ 19 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 43 , 45 , 46 , 48 , 53 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 ] were missing either one or both of information (fiber wt% or maximum tensile strength) and these studies [ 56 , 59 , 65 , 67 , 73 ] did not include tensile strength as a part of their evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting filament was tested in tension and compression, the results demonstrated that the printed sample was very similar to wood-polymer composite filaments, but it had a lower density, making it suitable for the fabrication of lightweight products. Ahmad et al [ 32 ] adopted ABS with oil palm fiber from empty fruit bunches where the fiber content was set at 5 wt.%. The resultant filament was used to print specimens and the tensile and flexural strengths were investigated.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant filament was used to print specimens and the tensile and flexural strengths were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity increased but the flexural strength decreased [ 32 ]. Kariz et al [ 38 ] used wood powder in varying amounts up to 50 wt.% with PLA.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Girdis et al [ 31 ] found that increased macadamia nutshell content led to decreased density and strength in all samples of printed objects. Ahmad et al [ 32 ] noticed that the oil palm fiber and ABS composite filament showed increased tensile strength, but the flexural strength decreased as the material was very brittle. Also, the microstructure of the composite showed that the fibers were not mixed well in ABS, as some were present in their insoluble form.…”

Section: Printing Failures and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

et al. 2020

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Current environmental concerns have led to a search of more environmentally friendly manufacturing methods; thus, natural fibers have gained attention in the 3D printing industry to be used as bio-filters along with thermoplastics. The utilization of natural fibers is very convenient as they are easily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and biodegradable. Using natural fibers rather than synthetic fibers in the production of the 3D printing filaments will reduce gas emissions associated with the production of the synthetic fibers that would add to the current pollution problem. As a matter of fact, natural fibers have a reinforcing effect on plastics. This review analyzes how the properties of the different polymers vary when natural fibers processed to produce filaments for 3D Printing are added. The results of using natural fibers for 3D Printing are presented in this study and appeared to be satisfactory, while a few studies have reported some issues.

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Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) Polymers

Wang

2021

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers are composed of elastomers dispersed as a grafted particulate phase in a thermoplastic matrix of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymer. The presence of SAN grafted onto the elastomeric component, usually polybutadiene or a butadiene copolymer, compatabilizes the rubber with the SAN component. The property advantages provided by this graft terpolymer include excellent toughness, good dimensional stability, good processability, and chemical resistance. The system is structurally complex. This allows considerable versatility in the tailoring of properties to meet specific product requirements. Consequently, research and development in ABS systems is active. Numerous grades of ABS are available, including new alloys and specialty grades for high heat, flaming‐retardant, or static dissipative product requirements. Good chemical resistance combined with the relatively low water absorptivity (<1%) results in high resistance to staining agents. Antioxidants substantially improve oxidative stability. Applications involving extended outdoor exposure require the use of stabilizing additives, pigments, and protective coatings. In manufacturing, grafting is achieved by the free‐radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile monomers. The commercial processes for manufacturing ABS are discussed. ABS can be processed by compression and injection molding, extrusion, calendering, and blow molding. Postprocessing operations include cold forming, painting, and adhesive bonding. ABS is one the two major plastic materials used in 3D printing, an emerging additive‐manufacturing technology that is developing rapidly in the past couple of decades. As a “bridge” polymer between commodity plastics and higher performance engineering thermoplastics, ABS has become the largest selling engineering thermoplastic.

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Mechanical characteristics of oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastics as filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM)

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review

Fused deposition modeling based polymeric materials and their performance: A review

Implementing FDM 3D Printing Strategies Using Natural Fibers to Produce Biomass Composite

Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene (ABS) Polymers

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