Mechanical and Magnetic Stimulation on Cells for Bone Regeneration

Biomimetic Magnetic Silk Scaffolds

“…Under a magnetic field, these types of scaffolds induce physical changes such as elongation, contraction, or bending. − These magnetic-sensitive biomaterials are useful in comparison to other stimuli-responsive biomaterials because magnetic stimulation acts at a distance (noncontact force) that is noninvasive and convenient to adapt for therapeutic devices. − The magnetic properties of scaffolds can be utilized to construct biomaterials for site-specific and/or time-controlled delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, sensors, and artificial muscles. ,− This approach also includes various separation membranes and hyperthermia treatments under external magnetic stimuli. − …”

Multilayered Magnetic Gelatin Membrane Scaffolds

“…28,29 Under a magnetic field, these scaffolds can be induced to undergo physical changes such as elongation, contraction, or bending 30–32. These magnetic-sensitive biomaterials are useful in comparison to other stimuli-responsive biomaterials because magnetic stimulation acts at a distance (noncontact force) that is noninvasive and convenient to adapt for therapeutic devices 33–36. The magnetic properties of multilayered membrane scaffolds can be utilized to construct biomaterials for sitespecific and/or time-controlled delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, sensors, and artificial muscles 7,37–42.…”

“…The scaffolds should have a small coercive field so that magnetization as well as local intrascaffold magnetic gradients is activated when a homogeneous external magnetic field is applied. The realization of scaffolds with magnetic gradients represents a conceptually novel technological challenge. − Among various strategies to design magnetic biomaterials, the incorporation of MNPs into polymeric solutions followed by cross-linking or infusion methods is most widely used. ,,− The incorporation of MNPs is expected to improve scaffold bioactivity. − The external applied magnetic field could induce torque magnetic forces into the scaffold that offers mechanical stimulation to the cells, therefore favoring their proliferation and differentiation. , Under a magnetic field, these scaffolds can be induced to undergo physical changes such as elongation, contraction, or bending. − These magnetic-sensitive biomaterials are useful in comparison to other stimuli-responsive biomaterials because magnetic stimulation acts at a distance (noncontact force) that is noninvasive and convenient to adapt for therapeutic devices. − The magnetic properties of multilayered membrane scaffolds can be utilized to construct biomaterials for site-specific and/or time-controlled delivery, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, sensors, and artificial muscles. ,− This approach also includes various separation membranes and hyperthermia treatments under external magnetic stimuli. − …”