Multilayered Magnetic Gelatin Membrane Scaffolds

Abstract

A versatile approach for the design and fabrication of multilayer magnetic scaffolds with tunable magnetic gradients is described. Multilayer magnetic gelatin membrane scaffolds with intrinsic magnetic gradients were designed to encapsulate magnetized bioagents under an externally applied magnetic field for use in magnetic-field-assisted tissue engineering. The temperature of the individual membranes increased up to 43.7 °C under an applied oscillating magnetic field for 70 s by magnetic hyperthermia, enabling the possibility of inducing a thermal gradient inside the final 3D multilayer magnetic scaffolds. On the basis of finite element method simulations, magnetic gelatin membranes with different concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles were assembled into 3D multilayered scaffolds. A magnetic-gradient-controlled distribution of magnetically labeled stem cells was demonstrated in vitro. This magnetic biomaterial–magnetic cell strategy can be expanded to a number of different magnetic biomaterials for various tissue engineering applications.

Preparation and properties of a magnetic field responsive three-dimensional electrospun polymer scaffold

“…It is worth to note, that the magnetic content of the gelatin hydrogel was 83 w%, instead of the fiber scaffold where this content was 10 w%. After 10 min the electrospun mesh also reaches this temperature increase published by Samal et al [1]. In clinical application the aim is to increase the temperature above 42 o C, which is 5 o C higher than the normal body temperature [32].…”

“…The mechanical stress induced by magnetic interaction may play a decisive role in efficient cell growing [1]. Many studies explaining that a small and controlled mechanical stresses enhance cell proliferation [25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…In the field of tissue engineering a permeable 3D scaffold with high surface area is required for cell attachment and growth [1]. Electrospinning has recently been the target of many studies because of the sub-micrometer and nanometer sized electrospun fibers that find broad application in multiple biomedical fields.…”

“…The first effect is important to enhance the efficiency of cell growth by mechanical agitation, whereas the hyperthermic effect can be used in cancer treatment as an auxiliary therapy beside chemotherapy [9,10]. Realization of a heating effect in solid-like electrospun magnetic scaffold provides novel opportunities [1].…”

Multifunctional magnetic-responsive hydrogels to engineer tendon-to-bone interface

“…Thus, these hydrogels constitute an interesting platform to study the release profiles as 21 well as the control of cell behavior and processes such as angiogenesis in response to mechano-magnetic stimuli. [79] Chondroitin sulfate-A (CSA) and carrageenan in combination with iron oxide MNPs and CSA coated -iron oxide MNPs demonstrated "on-demand" drug delivery upon the application of an oscillating magnetic field. [114] In situ produced magnetic gelatin hydrogels were shown to assist the release of vitamin B12 upon EMF of 400 Oe.…”