Measuring Empathy in a German Youth Prison: A Validation of the German Version of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) in a Sample of Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders

Heynen, Evelyn; Helm, Peer van der; Stams, Geert Jan; Korebrits, Andries

doi:10.1080/15228932.2016.1219217

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In this study, an original 20-item version of the BES (Jolliffe and Farrington 2006) was tested, but this factor structure did not show a good fit to the data. Based on other studies that used a shorter version (e.g., Geng et al 2012;Heynen et al 2016), and on statistical analyses of the items, a 12item version of the BES was produced. Some studies suggest that the inclusion of both positively-worded items and negatively-worded items in a questionnaire decreases its psychometric properties (Suárez Álvarez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, a three-factor model with 20 items was described (Herrera-López et al 2017). Also, two-factor models with a reduced number of items were found to have a good fit (Geng et al 2012;Heynen et al 2016;Pechorro et al 2015;Sánchez-Pérez et al 2014). Among these studies, the strict cutoff criteria for an excellent fit (Hu and Bentler 1999) were met for a 12-item version with a two-factor structure that showed the best fit (Heynen et al 2016) and for a 16-item version with a two-factor structure (Geng et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original version of the BES (Jolliffe and Farrington 2006) includes 12 positively worded items and eight reverse worded items. The short version developed by Heynen et al (2016) with only two reversed items, using a sample of prisoners, showed the best fit indices. Importantly, the authors of this study suggested that some of the reversed items might have not been understood by the participants.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale in Polish children and adolescents

et al. 2020

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The Basic Empathy Scale is widely used to measure cognitive and affective empathy in different age groups. Although empathy is studied throughout the world, research on this important psychological construct in Eastern European populations needs to be increased. In order to accomplish this, validated instruments to measure empathy are needed in this geographic area. This study was conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale in Poland. The sample included 1052 children and adolescents aged 9 to 16, enrolled in Primary and Middle schools. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a survey that was filled in by the participants during their regular classroom hours. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were conducted, together with concurrent validity analyses and comparisons between younger and older participants, and between females and males were undertaken. A final 12-item version of the Basic Empathy Scale was obtained with affective empathy and cognitive empathy factors. The Polish version of the scale showed good psychometric properties. Females scored higher on affective, cognitive and total empathy than males. Younger male participants scored higher on affective, cognitive and total empathy than older male participants. This validated measure of empathy in Polish children and adolescents can be used to study the relation between empathy and both antisocial and prosocial behaviors. In addition, this measure will allow for Poland to be included in crosscountry comparisons of empathy and also used to evaluate programs focused on enhancing empathy in Poland.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale in Polish children and adolescents

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, various instruments targeting different aspects of ASD symptoms [Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist—ATEC ( 95 ); Social Communication Questionnaire—SCQ ( 96 )] will be used for pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments. Furthermore, affective and cognitive components of empathy and emotion regulation abilities will be measured via self-reports [Emotion Regulation Questionnaire—ERQ ( 97 ); Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents—IECA ( 98 ); Basic Empathy Scale—BES ( 99 )] and parental questionnaires [Griffith Empathy Measure—GEM ( 100 ); Emotion Regulation Checklist—ERC ( 101 )]. For subgroup stratification and the investigation of comorbid symptoms of ASD such as attention deficit, anxiety, aggression, and depression, the Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence for ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, and Conduct Disorder [DISYPS III ADHS, DEP, ANG, SSV—self- and parental rating versions; ( 102 )] will be used.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding gaze behavior, longer fixation duration on the eyes and increased pupil dilation will be the outcomes on the MASC and ERT. Outcomes on participants and caregiver ratings will be a decrease in ASD symptoms measured with the ATEC ( 95 ) and SCQ ( 96 ) and an increase in empathy and emotion regulation abilities measured with the ERQ ( 97 ), IECA ( 98 ), BES ( 99 ), GEM ( 100 ), and ERC ( 101 ). Neurophysiological activity will be measured at baseline and after the intervention using resting-state EEG and fMRI to measure changes in functional connectivity and electrical activity in the brain.…”

Section: Methods and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, and Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

et al. 2021

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Background: Social–emotional difficulties are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Accordingly, individuals with ASD have problems with social cognition such as recognizing emotions from other peoples' faces. Various results from functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography studies as well as eye-tracking data reveal a neurophysiological basis of these deficits by linking them to abnormal brain activity. Thus, an intervention targeting the neural origin of ASD impairments seems warranted. A safe method able to influence neural activity is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). This non-invasive brain stimulation method has already demonstrated promising results in several neuropsychiatric disorders in adults and children. The aim of this project is to investigate the effects of tDCS on ASD symptoms and their neural correlates in children and adolescents with ASD.Method: This study is designed as a double-blind, randomized, and sham-controlled trial with a target sample size of 20 male participants (aged 12–17 years) diagnosed with ASD. Before randomization, the participants will be stratified into comorbid depression, comorbid ADHS/conduct disorder, or no-comorbidity groups. The intervention phase comprises 10 sessions of anodal or sham tDCS applied over the left prefrontal cortex within 2 consecutive weeks. To engage the targeted brain regions, participants will perform a social cognition training during the stimulation. TDCS-induced effects on ASD symptoms and involved neural circuits will be investigated through psychological, neurophysiological, imaging, and behavioral data at pre- and post-measurements. Tolerability will be evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Follow-up assessments 1 and 6 months after the intervention will examine long-lasting effects.Discussion: The results of this study will provide insights into the changeability of social impairments in ASD by investigating social and emotional abilities on different modalities following repeated sessions of anodal tDCS with an intra-simulation training. Furthermore, this trial will elucidate the tolerability and the potential of tDCS as a new treatment approach for ASD in adolescents.Clinical Trial Registration: The study is ongoing and has been registered in the German Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS00017505) on 02/07/2019.

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Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem on the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Empathy Among Vietnamese University Students

Tran

Hà

Chau

et al. 2022

J Rat-Emo Cognitive-Behav Ther

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Empathy is a critical element of subjective well-being and an important personality trait among undergraduate students. To improve empathy among undergraduate students, the current study examined the relationship between self-compassion and empathy and the mediating role of self-esteem in this relationship. Participants were six hundred and twenty-two (320 males and 302 females) students from five Vietnamese universities, aged 18–21 years ( M age = 19.5; SD age = 0.95 years), who completed the self-compassion scale (SCS), empathy scale in adults (BES-A), and self-esteem scale of Toulouse (ETES). The results indicated that (1) self-compassion was positively associated with empathy; (2) self-esteem mediated the relationship between the two variables. Therefore, enhancing undergraduate students’ self-compassion may be an effective way to improve their empathy. However, additional studies are required to elucidate the role of self-compassion in the educational context.

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Measuring Empathy in a German Youth Prison: A Validation of the German Version of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) in a Sample of Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale in Polish children and adolescents

Psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale in Polish children and adolescents

Repeated Sessions of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, and Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial

Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem on the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Empathy Among Vietnamese University Students

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