Measurements of aerosol fluxes to speulder forest using a micrometeorological technique

Gas-particle interactions above a Dutch heathland: III. Modelling the influence of the NH<sub>3</sub>-HNO<sub>3</sub>-NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> equilibrium on size-segregated particle fluxes

“…review by Gallagher et al, 1997) tending to larger values than predicted by theoretical models (Slinn, 1982) and observed during wind tunnel studies (Chamberlain, 1966). In addition, particles frequently show apparent upward fluxes (cf.…”

“…In addition, particles frequently show apparent upward fluxes (cf. review by Gallagher et al, 1997). Whilst emissions of super-micron particles have been attributed to wind-driven resuspension (e.g.…”

Interactions of forests with secondary air pollutants: Some challenges for future research

“…However, in regions with high atmospheric concentrations of ammonium salts (nitrates and sulphates) the deposition of nutrients to forest canopies as fine particulates cannot be ignored. For example, a deposition velocity of 1 cm s -1 , which is typical for fine particulate deposition to forests (Gallagher et al, 1997), and an air concentration of around 6 μg N m -3 as measured in parts of China (Aas et al, 2007, Wang et al, 2006 would give an annual N deposition greater than 15 kg ha -1 , close to the Critical Load for forests used in Europe (Hettelingh et al, 1995) before any consideration of other atmospheric sources of N deposition, such as wet deposition or dry deposition of N-containing gases.…”

Vertical aerosol fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method and deposition of nucleation mode particles above a Scots pine forest in southern Finland

“…In connection with this, local deposition velocity is defined as a flux normalized with concentration and with an opposite sign. The dry deposition velocity of aerosol particles with sizes 0.1 -30 lam was parameterized with particle size [Gallagher et al, 1997], friction velocity [Duan et al, 1988], and/or stability parameter [Fontan et al, 1997]. Gallagher et al, [1997] presented a summary of deposition velocity models to forest canopies including theoretical estimates on known removal processes like Brownian diffusion, interception, and impaction.…”