Vertical aerosol fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method and deposition of nucleation mode particles above a Scots pine forest in southern Finland

Buzorius, G.; Rannik, Üllar; Mäkelä, Jyrki M.; Keronen, Petri; Vesala, Timo; Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.1029/2000jd900108

Cited by 88 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Values of β derived from each of the three aerosol instruments exhibited a marked diurnal variation with minimum values at night and maximum values during the afternoon. Afternoon measurements of w S during EFLAT fell between previously reported values taken for forests located in Canada and Finland (Buzorius et al, 2000;Kowalski, 2001).…”

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Correction To Aerosol Deposition Velocitysupporting

confidence: 71%

“…A saturation ratio turbulent flux is defined to help account for the change in the state of hydration of the aerosol as it is transported through an S gradient by near-surface turbulence (Fairall, 1984;Buzorius et al, 2000;Kowalski, 2001) as…”

Section: Effect Of Heat and Vapour Fluxes On Aerosol Turbulent Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An experimental set-up potentially influences the covariances (fluxes and sometimes co-spectra) due to particle counting statistics, inlet losses, slow sensor response times, physical separation of sensors and any lag time between the vertical wind and scalar measurements (Moore, 1986;Buzorius et al, 2000). Sensor response time, lag time and inlet losses were not important for the FAST during EFLAT.…”

Section: Uncertainties In Flux Due To Particle Counting and Instrumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eddy correlation measurements of aerosol deposition to grass

Vong

Vickers

Covert

2004

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T An experiment was conducted to measure aerosol turbulent fluxes to a grass field. A new high-flow-rate aerosol sensor was deployed from a tower to make eddy correlation (EC) measurements of aerosol turbulent flux and deposition velocity. The EC data were screened and analysed for uncertainties associated with advection, boundary layer growth, instrument separation and counting particles. An apparent bias in the aerosol flux due to particle hygroscopic growth was evaluated from chemical and microphysical measurements and removed from the results based on derived corrections. The resulting aerosol deposition velocity for 0.52 µm diameter particles depended on atmospheric stability with values of 0.3 cm s −1 during near-neutral stability, 0.44 cm s −1 during unstable periods and 0.16 cm s −1 during stable periods with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.07 cm s −1 due to chemical composition and particle counting.

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Section: Hygroscopic Growth Correction To Aerosol Deposition Velocitysupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Effect Of Heat and Vapour Fluxes On Aerosol Turbulent Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uncertainties In Flux Due To Particle Counting and Instrumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eddy correlation measurements of aerosol deposition to grass

Vong

Vickers

Covert

2004

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…This gives an average increase of F /F 0 = 9.8 %, and a total increase of F / F 0 = 6.2 %. Detailed summaries of these corrections techniques can be found in Buzorius et al (2000), Pryor et al (2007), and Pryor et al (2008c).…”

Section: Corrections and Filteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol flux measurements above a mixed forest at Borden, Ontario

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Aerosol fluxes were measured above a mixed forest by Eddy Covariance (EC) with a Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) at the Borden Forest Research Station in Ontario, Canada between 13 July and 12 August 2009. Chemically speciated flux measurements were made at a height of 29 m at the same location between 19 July and 2 August, 2006 using a Quadrupole Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (Q-AMS). The Q-AMS measured an average sulphate deposition velocity of 0.3 mm s −1 and an average nitrate deposition velocity of 4.8 mm s −1 . The FMPS, mounted at a height of 33 m (approximately 10 m above the canopy top) and housed in a temperature controlled enclosure, measured sizeresolved particle concentrations from 3 to 410 nm diameter at a rate of 1 Hz. For the size range 18 < D < 452 nm, 60 % of fluxes were upward. The exchange velocity was between −0.5 and 2.0 mm s −1 , with median values near 0.5 mm s −1 for all sizes between 22 and 310 nm. The size distribution of the apparent production rate of particles at 33 m peaked at a diameter of 75 nm. Results indicate a decoupling of the above and below canopy spaces, whereby particles are stored in the canopy space at night, and are then diluted with cleaner air above during the day.

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“…Measurements conducted over grass by Wesely et al (1977), Neumann and den Hartog (1985), Allen et al (1991), Nemitz et al (2002), and Vong et al (2004) were used to evaluate the performance of the five parameterizations. For coniferous forest, modeled deposition velocities were compared with measurements from Lamaud et al (1994), Wyzers and Duyzer (1996), Gallagher et al (1997), Ruijgrok et al (1997), Buzorius et al (2000), Rannik et al (2000), Gaman et al (2004), Pryor et al (2007), and Grönholm et al (2009). Experiments conducted over deciduous forest are limited, and only three studies (Wesely et al, 1983;Pryor, 2006;Matsuda et al, 2010) were used in the present paper.…”

Section: An Evaluation Of the Dry Deposition Parameterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of five dry particle deposition parameterizations for incorporation into atmospheric transport models

Khan

Perlinger

2017

Geosci. Model Dev.

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Abstract. Despite considerable effort to develop mechanistic dry particle deposition parameterizations for atmospheric transport models, current knowledge has been inadequate to propose quantitative measures of the relative performance of available parameterizations. In this study, we evaluated the performance of five dry particle deposition parameterizations developed by Zhang et al. (2001) ("Z01"), Petroff and Zhang (2010) ("PZ10"), Kouznetsov and Sofiev (2012) ("KS12"), Zhang and He (2014) ("ZH14"), and Zhang and Shao (2014) ("ZS14"), respectively. The evaluation was performed in three dimensions: model ability to reproduce observed deposition velocities, V d (accuracy); the influence of imprecision in input parameter values on the modeled V d (uncertainty); and identification of the most influential parameter(s) (sensitivity). The accuracy of the modeled V d was evaluated using observations obtained from five land use categories (LUCs): grass, coniferous and deciduous forests, natural water, and ice/snow. To ascertain the uncertainty in modeled V d , and quantify the influence of imprecision in key model input parameters, a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was performed. The Sobol' sensitivity analysis was conducted with the objective to determine the parameter ranking from the most to the least influential. Comparing the normalized mean bias factors (indicators of accuracy), we find that the ZH14 parameterization is the most accurate for all LUCs except for coniferous forest, for which it is second most accurate. From Monte Carlo simulations, the estimated mean normalized uncertainties in the modeled V d obtained for seven particle sizes (ranging from 0.005 to 2.5 µm) for the five LUCs are 17, 12, 13, 16, and 27 % for the Z01, PZ10, KS12, ZH14, and ZS14 parameterizations, respectively. From the Sobol' sensitivity results, we suggest that the parameter rankings vary by particle size and LUC for a given parameterization. Overall, for d p = 0.001 to 1.0 µm, friction velocity was one of the three most influential parameters in all parameterizations. For giant particles (d p = 10 µm), relative humidity was the most influential parameter. Because it is the least complex of the five parameterizations, and it has the greatest accuracy and least uncertainty, we propose that the ZH14 parameterization is currently superior for incorporation into atmospheric transport models.

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Vertical aerosol fluxes measured by the eddy covariance method and deposition of nucleation mode particles above a Scots pine forest in southern Finland

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Eddy correlation measurements of aerosol deposition to grass

Eddy correlation measurements of aerosol deposition to grass

Aerosol flux measurements above a mixed forest at Borden, Ontario

Evaluation of five dry particle deposition parameterizations for incorporation into atmospheric transport models

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