Measurement of total cholesterol using an enzyme sensor based on a printed hydrogen peroxide electrocatalyst

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor for measuring total cholesterol in serum using Triton X-100 as a printed, non-enzymatic electrocatalyst for hydrogen peroxide and for the solubilisation of lipoproteins.

Biomedical Diagnostics Enabled by Integrated Organic and Printed Electronics

“…27 Recently it was demonstrated that Triton X-100 can also be used to effectively solubilize lipoprotein-bound cholesterol and cholesterol esters in combination with this enhanced electrocatalysis to bring about the measurement of total cholesterol (TC). 28 Here, we further demonstrate the full printed integration of a TC sensor with printed display and battery. The sensor electrodes (silver WE, silver/silver chloride RE and silver/carbon CE) were fabricated using screen printing A dual electrode configuration was adopted, with one electrode providing measurement of background and the other measuring the reduction of H2O2 (Fig.…”

Recent Developments in Enzyme, DNA and Immuno-Based Biosensors

“…Human sample analyses showed the usability of this biosensor for point-of-care detections with good reproducibility [ 14 ]. In another approach, a printed bi-enzyme electrochemical sensor was established by Ahmadraji et al, 2017 [ 15 ] to measure total cholesterol in serum. The measurement is conducted by following the reduction of hydrogen peroxidase by the cholesterol esterase and cholesterol oxidase enzymes immobilized on a silver paste electrode.…”

“…In order to increase the electro-catalytic activity of the sensor, Triton X-100 is used. The sensor is able to detect the total cholesterol in a serum in the diagnostic range through an amperometric measurement [ 15 ]. Alvi et al, 2013 [ 16 ] developed a potentiometric biosensor using lnN/lnGaN QDs to measure cholesterol concentration for diagnostic applications.…”

Progress in Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Biosensors – A Review

“…Consecuently accurate detection of cholesterol level is medically useful. Cholesterol that is responsible for cardiovascular disease can be effectively managed by a combination of medication and monitoring and there continues to be a need for new point-of-care diagnostics to measure lipid panels, including total cholesterol (Ahmadraji & Killard 2016). .Enzyme assays based on the generation of H2O2 have been very effective in this regard.…”

“…The physicalorchemical reaction is transformed into electrical signals after the target molecule was detected by detection device (Yang et al 2015) Electrochemical biosensors mainly have three types: amperometric-based, potentiometric-based and impedimetric-based, the amperometric-based mode is the most widely used. The sensing mechanism of amperometricCNTs-based biosensors is using the analytes, different enzymes are selected, such as NADH(Zhu, et al, 2014;Ertek & Dilgin, 2016; Hamidi & Haghighi, 2016;Lin et al, 2016;Mutyala & Mathiyarasu, 2016;Atta et al, 2017), glucose oxidase (GOx)(Mansouri et al, 2017;Termehyousefi et al, 2017;Uwimbabazi et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2017), aflatoxin-oxidaseCosta et al, 2017), E. Coli(Yamada et al, 2014;Abdalhai et al, 2015; Guo et al, 2015;Ozkan-Ariksoysal et al, 2017), cholesterol oxidase(Gholivand & Khodadadian, 2014;Ashby & Ramasamy 2015;Shukla et al, 2015;Ahmadraji & Killard, 2016;Pandey et al, 2016), urease(Emami & Haghjoo 2014;Dagar & Pundir, 2017;Dervisevic et al, 2018), lactic acid oxidase(Paga´n, et al, 2014;Meshram, et al, 2015), acetylcholinestterase and horseradish peroxidase(Moyo et al, 2014b;Xu et al, 2015;Magyar et al, 2016). Oxidisable H2O2 or NADH is easily generated as a result of these enzymes, as described in equations (1) and (2):…”