Measurement of the optical transmission modes and losses of the poled guest–host polymer NAEC/PEK-c planar waveguides

The passive optical properties of a silicon nanoparticle-embedded benzocyclobutene polymer waveguide

“…In figure 5, a small deviation of the experimental data from the fitted curves in some areas is observed. This has been ascribed to the light scattering effect from localized defects or dust particles in the waveguide [31]. From our experience, the deviation was more pronounced when the Si nanoparticle layer was prepared at a faster deposition rate.…”

“…At one of the fixed mode angles, the transmitted light was scattered from the surface of the planar waveguide and received by detector B. In general, the intensity of the transmitted light exhibits an exponential decay, and the relationship can be illustrated by [31]…”

“…where Z is the waveguide length and α is the transmission loss (dB cm −1 ), as the fiber array of detector B scans from Z 1 Z . The transmission loss of the mth mode of the planar waveguide can be written as [31]…”

“…The optical loss of pure BCB waveguide is almost the same as those reported previously [20], but the value becomes larger after embedding with Si nanoparticles. Note that the model 2010 prism coupler measures the transmission loss of the optical waveguide using a fiber detector in which an exponential decay of light is measured by a fiber probe scanning down the light of the propagation streak [31]. This method works well by providing light with an attenuated intensity for a waveguide that has a uniform scattering loss.…”

The facile synthesis and optical nonlinearity of hyperbranched polyaspartimides with azobenzene dyes

“…Optical loss measurement [43][44][45] For the optical loss measurement, a laser beam (830 nm) passed through a linear polarizer and a polarizing beam splitter. Subsequently, the TE polarized light was focused onto a prism coupler that was mounted on a rotation stage.…”