“…Other groups also prepared some HBPs through different synthetic strategies. [173][174][175][176][177][178][179] In comparison with the normal linear NLO polymers, these HBPs demonstrated much better performance, confirming the importance of 3D topological structure in the NLO field once again.…”
As one kind of important functional material, those with advanced optical, electrical and magnetic characteristics have attracted increasing attention due to their essential and irreplaceable role in the daily life of humans. In particular, optical, electrical and magnetic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) exhibit some unique properties, partially derived from their highly branched topological structures. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of functional HBPs and their application in optics, electronics and magnetics, including light-emitting polymers, nonlinear optical materials, chemosensors, solar cells, magnetic materials, etc., and also gives some outlooks for further exploration in this field at the end of this paper.
“…Other groups also prepared some HBPs through different synthetic strategies. [173][174][175][176][177][178][179] In comparison with the normal linear NLO polymers, these HBPs demonstrated much better performance, confirming the importance of 3D topological structure in the NLO field once again.…”
As one kind of important functional material, those with advanced optical, electrical and magnetic characteristics have attracted increasing attention due to their essential and irreplaceable role in the daily life of humans. In particular, optical, electrical and magnetic hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) exhibit some unique properties, partially derived from their highly branched topological structures. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of functional HBPs and their application in optics, electronics and magnetics, including light-emitting polymers, nonlinear optical materials, chemosensors, solar cells, magnetic materials, etc., and also gives some outlooks for further exploration in this field at the end of this paper.
“…As mentioned above, Togni’s hypervalent iodine reagent Ec 2a is in fact a weak trifluoromethyl cation donor; however, this reagent was utilized quite successfully in trifluoromethylation of a wide range of nucleophiles . A careful examination of literature reveals that strong Brönsted/Lewis acids were often required for activating Ec 2a so as to facilitate transferring a trifluoromethyl cation , For instance, it was reported that trifluoromethylation of benzotriazole with reagent Ec 2a in the presence of a catalytic amount of strong acid HNTf 2 gave 41% yield, whereas no CF 3 transfer was observed in the absence of HNTf 2 (Figure a) .…”
Section: Results
and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As well-known, many pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contain the trifluoromethyl motif . Besides, the trifluoromethylated molecules are also widely applied in functional materials such as dyes and liquid crystals . Unfortunately, no CF 3 -containing compounds exist in Nature.…”
This work established an energetic guide for estimating the trifluoromethyl cation-donating abilities (TC(+)DA) of electrophilic trifluoromethylating reagents through computing X-CF3 bond (X = O, S, Se, Te, and I) heterolytic dissociation enthalpies. TC(+)DA values for a wide range of popular reagents were derived on the basis of density functional calculations (M06-2X). A good correspondence has been identified between the computed TC(+)DA values and the experimentally observed relative trifluoromethylating capabilities of the reagents. Substituent effects hold good linear free energy relationships on the TC(+)DAs of the most widely used reagents including Umemoto reagent, Yagupolskii-Umemoto reagent, and Togni reagents, which allow their trifluoromethylating capabilities to be rationally tuned by substituents and thus extend their synthetic utility. All the information disclosed in this work would contribute to future rational exploration of the electrophilic trifluoromethylation chemistry.
“…Amphiphilic poly(urea/malonamide) dendritic materials have been developed by Jeng et al since 2006 [25,26,27,28,29,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61]. In the midst of them, the honeycomb-like films were obtained based on PSs covalently bonded with different sizes of dendritic side chains (in chloroform) (Figure 4).…”
As an efficient technique for the preparation of polymeric hexagonal orderly arrays, the breath figure (BF) process has opened a modern avenue for a bottom-up fabrication method for more than two decades. Through the use of the water vapor condensation on the solution surface, the water droplets will hexagonally pack into ordered arrays, acting as a template for controlling the regular micro patterns of polymeric films. Comparing to the top-down techniques, such as lithography or chemical etching, the use of water vapor as the template provides a simple fabrication process with sustainability. However, using highly hazardous solvents such as chloroform, carbon disulfide (CS2), benzene, dichloromethane, etc., to dissolve polymers might hinder the development toward green processes based on this technique. In this review, we will touch upon the contemporary techniques of the BF process, including its up-to-date applications first. More importantly, the search of greener processes along with less hazardous solvents for the possibility of a more sustainable BF process is the focal point of this review.
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