Measurement of mineral supply diversity and its importance in assessing risk and criticality

Brown, T.J.

doi:10.1016/j.resourpol.2018.05.007

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the main parameters used to determine the geopolitical risk of supply disruptions was the Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index (HHI) [31]. Interesting solutions have also been proposed in the United Kingdom [33,34] and Japan [35]. In the UK, a primary focus was placed on the risk of supply disruptions of 41 elements or their groups, while the issues related to their economic importance were disregarded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Possibilities of Critical Raw Materials Production from the EU’s Primary Sources

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sufficient supplies of critical raw materials (CRMs) for rapidly developing technologies, e.g., Li-ion batteries, wind turbines, photovoltaics, digitization, etc., have become one of the main economic challenges for the EU. Due to growing import dependency and associated risk of supply disruptions of these raw materials from third countries, there is a need to encourage their domestic production. This is an important starting point for EU value chains crucial for the sustainable economic growth of the whole Union. This contribution has evaluated the possibilities of CRMs supply from the EU’s primary sources. A three-step approach, including an assessment of CRMs’ importance for the EU’s economic growth, their significance in at least two of the three strategic industrial sectors (i.e., renewable energy, e-mobility, defense and aerospace), and their potential availability from EU mineral deposits, has been applied. Results of the analysis have shown that, of 29 critical mineral raw materials (according to the 2020 EC list), the potential to develop manufacturing from the Union mineral deposits exists for 11 CRMs, i.e., cobalt, graphite (natural), HREE, LREE, lithium, magnesium, niobium, PGMs, silicon metal, titanium, and tungsten, while some other CRMs, namely gallium, germanium, indium, and vanadium can be recovered as by-products. Measures to mitigate EU import dependency have been also proposed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Possibilities of Critical Raw Materials Production from the EU’s Primary Sources

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Literatürde en sık kullanılan yoğunlaşma indeksleri n=4 ve n=8 ülke sayısı için hesaplanmaktadır. Türkiye'de TUİK tarafından Yıllık Sanayi ve Hizmet İstatistikleri (YSHİ) araştırması kapsamında sanayi ve hizmet sektörleri için yoğunlaşma hesaplamalarında kullanılan dört firma yoğunlaşma indeksi (CR4) değerlendirme aralıkları Tablo 1'de verilmiştir (Ildırar ve Kıral, 2018 (Brown, 2018).…”

Section: = ∑ =1unclassified

Dünya Bari̇t Madenci̇li̇ği̇ni̇n Durumu Ve Pi̇yasalarda Rekabet Düzeyi̇ni̇n Geli̇şi̇mi̇

Aksoy

Konuk

2021

Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Barit başta petrol, doğal gaz ve kaya gazı aramaları olmak üzere birçok sektörde kullanım alanı bulunan kritik bir hammaddedir. Dünyada 2020 yılı itibariyle mevcut 300 milyon ton barit rezervlerinin yaklaşık %79'unun dört ülkede yoğunlaşması, mevcut üretim kapasitesi ile yeni rezervler keşfedilmediği sürece 30 yıllık ömrünün kalması ve yıllık %3,8 ile %7,3 arası talep artışının beklenmesi nedenleriyle, barit piyasasında yoğunlaşma ve rekabet edilebilirlik büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle dünya ve Türkiye'nin barit rezervleri ve üretimi incelenmiştir. Dünya barit ihracat ve ithalat piyasalarının 2010-2019 yılları arası gelişimi incelenerek bu piyasadaki yoğunlaşma ve rekabet durumları çeşitli yoğunlaşma indeksleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yoğunlaşma indeksleri genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, barit ihracat piyasasına 2013 yılı sonrasında yeni ülkelerin girmesiyle yoğunlaşmanın azalmaya ve rekabetin artmaya başladığı, ithalat piyasasında ise 2014 yılı sonrasında mevcut ithalatçı ülkelerin talebindeki artışla birlikte yoğunlaşmanın artmaya ve rekabetin azalmaya başladığı tespit edilmiştir. Barit piyasasında ihracatçı bir ülke olan Türkiye'nin dünya rezervlerinin %11,67'sine sahip olmasına ve son yıllarda dünya barit ihracatındaki payının %5'leri geçmesine rağmen, henüz ihracatta rekabet ortamının bulunduğu bir ortamda, dünya ihracatından yeterli bir pay alamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

show abstract

“…If the ore is concentrated in a few resource-rich countries, it will face the risk of supply disruption [17]. Manganese ore production in countries such as South Africa and Australia still accounts for more than 70% of world production, resulting in higher country concentration risks.…”

Section: Main Supply Risk Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of "supply risk" and "supply risk interruption assessment" are common and key points in the relevant literature on criticality materials [12,13]. In many cases, some institutions and scholars must first define the concept of critical materials from a qualitative point of view, and then analyze the supply diversity of such materials to determine whether there is a potential risk of supply interruption [7,[14][15][16][17][18]. However, to date, no global consensus on the definition of material criticality has been reached.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Identification and Evaluation of the Long-term Supply of Manganese Mines in China Based on the VW-BGR Method

Yan

Pei

et al. 2019

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manganese is mostly used in the iron and steel industry and serves as an important metal mineral in the national economy. It is difficult to substantially increase the output of China’s manganese ore because it is of low grade and high impurity content. However, as a large consumer in the world, it is very important to ensure the long-term stable supply of this mineral. Collecting historical data on manganese ore in China over the past 20 years, we identified and evaluated risks during the whole process of production, supply, consumption, reserves, and trade of resources using the Volkswagen and German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (VW-BGR) method by selecting nine indicators: current market equilibrium, market price volatility, Reserve/production ratio, import dependence, import concentration, country risks, country concentration and future supply and demand trend. Furthermore, we assessed its economic importance by calculating the contribution of manganese ore involved in different value chains. It shows the same downward trend both in manganese ore consumption and economic importance, and the future demand of manganese ore will slow down, and the global supply will exceed demand. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of supply and demand trends in the past and future, it was concluded that the current market balance, import dependence and country concentration risks are the main driving factors for the supply risk of manganese ore in China, showing higher supply risk than that of the other factors; the resource and geostrategic risks are moderate, and may significantly reduce the supply risk if effective measures are implemented. As per the aforementioned analysis, to address the risk of supply interruption, this study provides some suggestions and measures, such as strengthening resource reserves and low-grade manganese ore utilization at home, actively exploring foreign markets, exploiting overseas resources, expanding import channels, extending the industrial chain, and adopting equity mergers and acquisitions abroad.

show abstract

Measurement of mineral supply diversity and its importance in assessing risk and criticality

Cited by 37 publications

References 7 publications

On the Possibilities of Critical Raw Materials Production from the EU’s Primary Sources

On the Possibilities of Critical Raw Materials Production from the EU’s Primary Sources

Dünya Bari̇t Madenci̇li̇ği̇ni̇n Durumu Ve Pi̇yasalarda Rekabet Düzeyi̇ni̇n Geli̇şi̇mi̇

Risk Identification and Evaluation of the Long-term Supply of Manganese Mines in China Based on the VW-BGR Method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About