Measurement of Low Level Explosives Reaction in Gauged Multi-dimensional Steven Impact Tests

Niles, Angela M.; Garcia, F; Greenwood, D. W.; Forbes, J. W.; Tarver, Craig M.; Chidester, Steven K.; Garza, Raul; Swizter, L. L.

doi:10.1063/1.1483679

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Experimental and reactive flow modeling research efforts using the Steven Impact Test at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [1][2][3][4][5][6] and a modified version of this test at Los Alamos National Laboratory [7][8][9] have greatly increased the fundamental knowledge and practical predictions of impact safety hazards for confined and unconfined explosive charges. The dominant microscopic mechanisms that control the initial ignition during compaction of a small volume of the explosive charge have been identified as friction, shear, and strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold Studies of Heated HMX-Based Energetic Material Targets Using the Steven Impact Test

Switzer¹,

Vandersall²,

Chidester³

et al. 2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Impact tests performed at low velocity on heated energetic material samples are of interest when considering the situation of energetic materials involved in a fire. To determine heated reaction thresholds, Steven Test targets containing PBX 9404 or LX-04 samples heated to the range of 150-170°C were impacted at velocities up to 150 m/s by two different projectile head geometries. Comparing these measured thresholds to ambient temperature thresholds revealed that the heated LX-04 thresholds were considerably higher than ambient, whereas the heated PBX 9404 thresholds were only slightly higher than the ambient temperature thresholds. The violence of reaction level of the PBX 9404 was considerably higher than that of the LX-04 as measured with four overpressure gauges. The varying results in these samples with different HMX/binder configurations indicate that friction plays a dominant role in reaction ignition during impact. This work outlines the experimental details, compares the thresholds and violence levels of the heated and ambient temperature experiments, and discusses the dominant mechanisms of the measured thresholds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threshold Studies of Heated HMX-Based Energetic Material Targets Using the Steven Impact Test

Switzer¹,

Vandersall²,

Chidester³

et al. 2004

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…By varying the projectile and target dimensions and materials, the importance of shear, friction and pinch can be quantified in terms of a threshold impact velocity at which explosive reaction is observed. Whilst many investigations have been performed to measure sensitivity thresholds for different configurations [31][32][33][34][35] , quantitative data regarding the detailed M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 response of the explosive is scarce. Grantham et al [3] showed that DSR could be applied to the Steven test geometry in order to measure internal displacements and strains during impact.…”

Section: Why Study the Response Of Explosives To Impact?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of digital speckle radiography to study the ballistic deformation of a polymer bonded sugar (an explosive simulant)

Prentice

Proud

Walley

et al. 2010

International Journal of Impact Engineering

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This paper reports an initial study into the benefits of determining two-dimensional flow fields for low velocity impact on a small-scale model of explosive reactive armour (ERA) using digital speckle radiography (DSR). The model system consisted of a polymer-bonded sugar (PBS) (otherwise known as a sugarmock) confined between two mild steel plates. The DSR technique relies upon creating a layer within the specimen that is seeded with lead particles. So although radiography itself is mechanically non-invasive, the lead layer needed may change the mechanical properties of the material. DSR revealed where regions of intense shear occurred in normal impact. These regions are likely to be where a polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) would initiate.

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“…Thus the two versions test two types of confinement (strong and weak) typically used with high explosives. Several techniques, including embedded pressure gauges, exterior strain gauges, ballistic pendulums, and blast overpressure gauges, have been employed to measure the violence of the reactions produced in these Steven Tests (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Thus far, several octahydro-…”

Section: Non-shock Impact Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

Tarver

Chidester

2005

Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology

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High explosive reactions can be caused by three general energy deposition processes: impact ignition by frictional and/or shear heating; bulk thermal heating; and shock compression. The violence of the subsequent reaction varies from benign slow combustion to catastrophic detonation of the entire charge. The degree of violence depends on many variables, including the rate of energy delivery, the physical and chemical properties of the explosive, and the strength of the confinement surrounding the explosive charge. The current state of experimental and computer-modeling research on the violence of impact, thermal, and shock-induced reactions is briefly reviewed in this paper.

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Measurement of Low Level Explosives Reaction in Gauged Multi-dimensional Steven Impact Tests

Abstract: This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint is made available with the understanding that it will not be cited or reproduced without the permission of the author.

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Threshold Studies of Heated HMX-Based Energetic Material Targets Using the Steven Impact Test

Threshold Studies of Heated HMX-Based Energetic Material Targets Using the Steven Impact Test

The use of digital speckle radiography to study the ballistic deformation of a polymer bonded sugar (an explosive simulant)

On the Violence of High Explosive Reactions

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