Measurement of cryogenic ice sublimation using quartz crystal microbalances

Perry, Radford L.; Meadows, G.; Mosier, Lauren; Woronowicz, Michael S.

doi:10.1117/12.946495

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Most experimental studies have used indirect methods to determine the sublimation rates from ice surfaces rather than direct measurements of the vapor pressure under equilibrium conditions. These methods typically determine the change in mass or thickness during sublimation of water molecules from ice films using either quartz crystal microbalances, − quadrupole mass spectrometers, ,− or other techniques . The frequently used parametrization by Murphy and Koop for the vapor pressure of ASW is in part based on the measurements of the latent heat release during the crystallization of ASW using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatility of Amorphous Solid Water

2018

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Amorphous solid water is probably the most abundant form of solid water in the universe. Its saturation vapor pressure and thermodynamic properties, however, are not well known. We have investigated the saturation vapor pressure over vapor-deposited amorphous ice at temperatures between 133 and 147 K using a novel experimental method. The new method determines the absolute vapor pressures and the sublimation rates by measuring the mass growth rates of ice-covered nanoparticles under supersaturated water vapor conditions. We find that the vapor pressure of amorphous solid water is up to a factor of 3 higher than that predicted by current parameterizations, which are based in part on calorimetric measurements. We demonstrate that the calorimetric measurements can be reconciled with our data by acknowledging the formation of nanocrystalline ice as an intermediate ice phase during the crystallization of amorphous ice. As a result, we propose a new value for the enthalpy of crystallization of amorphous solid water of ΔH = 2312 ± 227 J/mol, which is about 1000 J/mol higher than the current consensus. Our results shine a new light on the abundance of water ice clouds on Mars and mesospheric clouds on Earth and may alter our understanding of ice formation in the stratosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatility of Amorphous Solid Water

2018

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“…As a basis for CFD simulations, there are three accurate, rational, controllable, generic, and portable SNCR denitrification reaction mechanisms, which are the thermal DeNO x mechanism with NH 3 as the reducing agent, the NO x OUT mechanism with urea as the reducing agent, and the RAPRENO x mechanism with cyanuric acid as the reducing agent . In this study, numerical simulations were carried out using ANSYS 2021 R1 software, using the SNCR calculation module in which the reaction mechanism consists of a two-step urea decomposition mechanism and a seven-step reduction kinetic mechanism, as detailed in Table .…”

Section: Experimental Subject and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Injection Source Settings for SNCR Numerical Simulation of Low-Water Content Biomass Boilers with Blending

Pu,

Gao,

Zhong

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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In order to control NO x emissions and meet China’s ultralow emission standards, a numerical simulation based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is performed for the optimization of the reductant injection volume, number of injection sources, distribution, and injection direction for the flue gas denitrification process of a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB) blended with low-water content biomass in a 168 MW unit of a thermal power plant. Using the target power plant boiler entity as a template, a simplified geometric model is established, 1:1, and the mass fractions of each flue gas component set by the inlet boundary conditions are O22, H2O11.6, CO216.2%, and NO0.05%(about 134 ppm), and the reduction reactions under different optimized conditions are numerically simulated using the SNCR model in ANSYS Fluent 2021 R1. The simulation results under each condition were analyzed. The results show that the optimal ammonia-to-nitrogen ratio should be taken as NSR = 1.25, the denitrification efficiencies of 81.00, 81.63, and 82.74% at the three outlets are high, and the ammonia escapes of 1.76, 2.08, and 9.42 mg/s are within a reasonable range; increasing the number of injection sources can significantly reduce the disturbance of the flue gas flow field by reductant injection; the direction of injection is parallel to the direction of the flue gas flow, and the line of the injection source is orthogonal to the direction of the flue gas flow, which is conducive to the mixing of the reductant and flue gas; the optimized boiler denitrification efficiency reaches 74.2%, meeting the ultralow emission requirements of nitrogen oxides and ammonia escape.

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“…The sublimation vapor pressure measurements are typically carried out by either using standard manometers or non-traditional resonant base micro-sensors. Resonant micro-sensors such as quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) [15–17] and silicon micro-machined double paddle oscillators (DPOs) [7; 18–20] are two methods utilized to measure the sublimation vapor pressures and enthalpies of different atmospheric gases. The change in mass of the deposited solid film is measured as a change in the resonance frequency of the micro-sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of enthalpy of sublimation of Ne, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, Kr, Xe, and H2O using a double paddle oscillator

Shakeel

Wei

Pomeroy

2018

The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics

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We report precise experimental values of the enthalpy of sublimation (Δ ) of quenched condensed films of neon (Ne), nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and water (HO) vapor using a single consistent measurement platform. The experiments are performed well below the triple point temperature of each gas and fall in the temperature range where existing experimental data is very limited. A 6 cm and 400 µm thick double paddle oscillator (DPO) with high quality factor (Q ≈ 4 × 10 at 298K) and high frequency stability (33 parts per billion) is utilized for the measurements. The enthalpies of sublimation are derived by measuring the rate of mass loss during temperature programmed desorption. The mass change is detected due to change in the resonance frequency of the self-tracking oscillator. Our measurements typically remain within 10% of the available literature, theory, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) () values, but are performed using an internally consistent method across different gases.

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Measurement of cryogenic ice sublimation using quartz crystal microbalances

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Volatility of Amorphous Solid Water

Volatility of Amorphous Solid Water

Optimization of Injection Source Settings for SNCR Numerical Simulation of Low-Water Content Biomass Boilers with Blending

Measurements of enthalpy of sublimation of Ne, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, Kr, Xe, and H2O using a double paddle oscillator

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