Measurement and analysis of friction and dynamic characteristics of PIG’s sealing disc passing through girth weld in oil and gas pipeline

Zhang, Hang; Zhang, Shimin; Liu, Shuhai; Wang, Yan; Li, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2014.12.046

Cited by 63 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The driving force will affect the moving speed of the bypass PIG and it should be equal to the friction force when the moving speed is constant. 11 The magnitude of the friction force can be obtained by a combination of mathematical models and simulation software, and the calculation of the driving force can also be performed by finite element analysis software. 12 Mazreah et al 13 have used finite element analysis software to study the mechanical effects of flow fields on PIGs and verified the accuracy and convenience of the method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation on speed prediction of bypass pipeline inspection gauge in medium of water and crude oil

Zhang

Yang

Hou

et al. 2020

Measurement and Control

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Bypass pipeline inspection gauges have the advantages of low cost and bringing no consumption in transportation efficiency and have been widely used in pipe cleaning, inspecting, and maintaining operations. The moving speed of bypass pipeline inspection gauges will seriously affect the results of the operations, so there are strict requirements on the moving speed of bypass pipeline inspection gauges. Because the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge is difficult to measure or control in real time, it is important to predict it. This paper studies the influencing factors and their impact methods of pipeline inspection gauges’ motion. Through the combination of computational fluid dynamics simulation and friction mathematical model, the relationship between the value of the bypass hole diameter and the pipeline inspection gauges’ moving speed was studied. Under the selected research conditions, when the diameter of the bypass hole is increased from 0.1 to 0.5 m, the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge in water and crude oil is, respectively, decreased from 2.779 to 0.589 m/s and from 2.777 to 0.373 m/s, and the relationship between them can be approximately described by a function. Based on this principle, the moving speed of pipeline inspection gauge can be predicted mathematically. The experiments also indicate that the density and dynamic viscosity of the transport medium and the deformation amount of the bypass pipeline inspection gauge sealing disk will affect the movement state of pipeline inspection gauge in the pipeline. This research has guiding significance for the design of the pipeline inspection gauges’ structure size, which is beneficial to the pipeline robot to better meet the needs of cleaning, inspecting, and maintaining operations, and has reference value for related researches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation on speed prediction of bypass pipeline inspection gauge in medium of water and crude oil

Zhang

Yang

Hou

et al. 2020

Measurement and Control

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“…The PIG geometry, the girth welds, and the pipeline deformations produce an axial vibration (chattering) in the PIG when it runs inside the pipeline [17,18]. This chattering is always present because there is a girth weld connection between two standard pipes at regular intervals of 12 m [17,19]. The chattering occurs as a result of the requirement for PIG cups to have tight contact with the inner pipe wall; this achieves the desired differential pressure across the pipeline, which overcomes the friction force and propels the PIG through the pipeline (see Figure 1) [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of an Articulated Sensor Carrier to Improve the Automatic Pipeline Inspection

MARTINEZ

Rodríguez-Olivares

Torres-Torres

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) carry out automatic pipeline inspection with nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies like ultrasound, magnetic flux leakage, and eddy current. The ultrasonic straight beam allows technicians to determine the wall thickness of the pipeline through the time of flight diffraction (TOFD), providing the pipeline reconstruction and allowing the detection of several defects like dents or corrosion. If the pipeline is of a long distance, then the inspection process is automatic, and the fluid pressure pushes the PIG through the pipeline system. In this case, the PIG velocity and its axial alignment with the pipeline cannot be controlled. The PIG geometry, the pipeline deformations, and the girth welds cause a continuous chattering when the PIG is running, removing the transducers perpendicularity with the inspection points, which means that some echoes cannot be received. To reduce this problem, we propose a novel method to design a sensor carrier that takes into account the angularity and distance effects to acquire the straight beam echoes. The main advantage of our sensor carrier is that it can be used in concave and convex pipeline sections through geometric adjustments, which ensure that it is in contact with the inner pipe wall. Our improvement of the method is the characterization of the misalignment between the internal wall of the pipeline and the transducer. Later, we analyzed the conditions of the automatic pipeline inspection, the existing recommendations in state-of-the-art technology, and the different mechanical scenarios that may occur. For the mechanical design, we developed all the equations and rules. At the signal processing level, we set a fixed gain in the filtering step to obtain the echoes in a defined distance range without saturating the acquisition channels. For the validation, we compared through the mean squared error (MSE) our sensor carrier in a straight pipe section and a pipe elbow of steel versus other sensor carrier configurations. Finally, we present the design parameters for the development of the sensor carrier for different pipeline diameters.

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“…After a long-time operation, large-diameter oil and gas pipelines need to be cleaned regularly due to the remaining dirt [1,2]. In the cleaning process, it is easy for the pig to get blocked, leading to serious consequences [2]. Therefore, it was of great importance to divide the pipeline into segments and monitor the real-time condition per segment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristic of Magnetic Fluctuation of Underground Passing Pig Labeled with Magnets

Guo

et al. 2019

Journal of Sensors

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During the pigging process, a pig labeled with magnets can be effectively detected by monitoring the magnetic fluctuation (MF) introduced when the pig passes by. In order to analyze the influence of various factors on the MF, the principle for magnetic fluctuation detection (MFD) is described, and a detection model is established here. The influence of model parameters, such as pipeline geometries, geomagnetic characteristics, as well as permeability of pipeline, on the magnetic anomaly distribution along the measured line is analyzed. The study reveals that with the increase in pipeline parameters (thickness, permeability, and outer diameter), the MF detected decreases. The pipeline length will have little influence on the MF. With an increased number of magnets, the MF increases while remaining almost unchanged at two ends of the measuring line. Attention should be paid to the installation of magnets to ensure the consistency of the magnetic moments. With the increase in geomagnetic intensity and declination, the MF will be almost unaffected, while the change of geomagnetic inclination will introduce an obvious change to the MF. In field application, measuring points can be set along and above the pipeline with a certain interval. From the magnetic anomaly measured, it can be determined whether the pig has passed by the point or not.

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Measurement and analysis of friction and dynamic characteristics of PIG’s sealing disc passing through girth weld in oil and gas pipeline

Cited by 63 publications

References 18 publications

Modeling and simulation on speed prediction of bypass pipeline inspection gauge in medium of water and crude oil

Modeling and simulation on speed prediction of bypass pipeline inspection gauge in medium of water and crude oil

Design and Validation of an Articulated Sensor Carrier to Improve the Automatic Pipeline Inspection

Characteristic of Magnetic Fluctuation of Underground Passing Pig Labeled with Magnets

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