Meals and Performance

Smith, Andrew Paul; Kendrick, Anna

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-650352-4.50007-0

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For some tasks this occurs whether or not lunch has been eaten, although consuming a meal at lunchtime, particularly if this is a large meal, does appear to contribute significantly to the post-lunch dip. Tasks which are most typically affected are those requiring sustained attention (Smith & Kendrick, 1992). There is, however, a problem concerning the interpretation of results showing impairments when no lunch is eaten, which might indicate effects related either to fasting or to an underlying circadian variation in, for example, alertness.…”

Section: Breakfast Lunch a N D Meal Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and mental performance

Rogers¹,

Lloyd²

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Breakfast Lunch a N D Meal Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and mental performance

Rogers¹,

Lloyd²

1994

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…There is evidence suggesting that even mild degrees of food restriction such as missing individual meals are associated with cognitive impairments. 10 For instance, mild degrees of food restriction per se have been reported to exert either small detrimental effects, 11,12 small bene®cial effects, 11 or no effects at all on cognitive processing. 4 Such work reveals a complex interaction between the meal missed (lunch or breakfast), circadian variation, practice and/or fatigue effects and the domain of cognitive function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet

et al. 1997

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate if long-term caloric restriction under controlled conditions adversely affects cognitive function in obese women. SUBJECTS: Healthy, premenopausal women between 23±42 y. Dieting group: n 14. Control group: n 11. DESIGN: Longitudinal weight loss study (repeated measures within-subject design) with 3 weeks of baseline, 15 weeks of 50% caloric restriction, and 3 weeks of weight stabilization. MEASUREMENTS: Computerized cognitive function tests (sustained attention, short-term memory, simple reaction time, motor performance and attentional focus), height, body weight, body composition (TOBEC) and behavioral questionnaires (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, Eating Attitudes Test, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). RESULTS: Dieting women lost 12.3 AE 5.5 kg (mean AE s.d.) of body weight. Controlled long-term caloric restriction signi®cantly slowed simple reaction time but did not diminish sustained attention, motor performance or immediate memory. Word recall performance signi®cantly improved by 24% at the end of caloric restriction. CONCLUSIONS: The slowing of simple reaction time is a short-term and long-term consequence of caloric restriction. In contrast to previous short-term dieting studies, sustained attention and immediate memory were not impaired with long-term caloric restriction.

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“…There has been a great deal of recent interest in the effects of meals on human performance and mood [see Smith and Kendrick, 1992, for a review] and in the effects of caffeine on behaviour [see Lieberman, 1992, for a review]. Much of this research can be criticised in that it has looked only at the acute effects of meals and bever ages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Breakfast and Caffeine on Performance and Mood in the Late Morning and after Lunch

Smith

Kendrick

Maben³

1992

Neuropsychobiology

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The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of breakfast and caffeine on performance, mood and cardiovascular functioning in the late morning and after lunch. Forty-eight subjects were tested at 07.45 and subjects then assigned to one of the four conditions formed by combining caffeine and breakfast conditions. Subjects in the caffeine condition were given a dose of 4 mg/kg, the caffeine manipulation being double blind. At 11.15 subjects were given another coffee (subjects remained in the same caffeine condition) and had lunch at 12.30. Performance was examined prior to lunch (11.30) and after lunch (14.00). Effects of breakfast on recognition memory (lower false alarm rate) and logical reasoning (reduced accuracy) were found in the late morning but not after lunch. However, a semantic processing task was performed more slowly by the breakfast group after lunch. Caffeine improved performance on a sustained attention task, the logical reasoning task and semantic memory task. Subjects given caffeine also reported greater alertness and feelings of well-being, whereas the effects of breakfast on mood changed from the late morning to early afternoon. Few interactions between breakfast and caffeine conditions were obtained.

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Meals and Performance

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Nutrition and mental performance

Nutrition and mental performance

Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet

Effects of Breakfast and Caffeine on Performance and Mood in the Late Morning and after Lunch

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