Nutrition and mental performance

Rogers, Peter J.; Lloyd, Helen

doi:10.1079/pns19940049

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(48 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, both the overnight and 7-day caffeine-deprived subjects re ported increased headache and decreased levels of clear headedness. These results, therefore, confirm the exis tence of significant negative consequences of overnight caffeine withdrawal in moderate users, the removal of which (by caffeine) may contribute to the reinforcing effects of caffeine intake [2,3,6]. They also suggest that certain of these withdrawal effects persist even after 7 days of caffeine abstinence [7], On the other hand, psy chomotor performance was not adversely affected by caf feine withdrawal in this experiment.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Psychoactive Effects Of Caffeine In Nonusesupporting

confidence: 74%

“…In a typical experiment most if not all of the subjects have a history of regular caffeine consump tion, and they are tested on caffeine and a placebo after a period of caffeine deprivation (usually no longer than 24 h). The problem with relying solely on this approach is that it leaves open the question as to whether the results obtained are due to beneficial effects of caffeine or to dele terious effects of caffeine deprivation, or a combination of both of these [1][2][3]. The present paper is not intended to be an exhaustive review, but aims to examine this issue further by drawing together examples of relevant results from previously published and unpublished studies, and by comparing the utility of different study designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Caffeine Use: is There a Net Benefit for Mood and Psychomotor Performance?

Rogers

Richardson²,

Dernoncourt³

1995

Neuropsychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We agree with the conclusions of a recent article in this journal [James, Neuropsychobiology l994;30:124–125] that studies on the psychoactive effects of caffeine need to take into account the possibility that the results obtained might represent merely the reversal of deleterious effects of caffeine deprivation rather than an actual net benefit due to caffeine use. However, in a review of recent studies we find no unequivocal evidence of impaired psychomotor performance associated with caffeine withdrawal. This is in contrast to a clear deterioration of mood which occurs even after overnight caffeine deprivation. We concluded that current evidence points to true performance-enhancing effects of caffeine, although the extent of these and the conditions under which caffeine is most effective have yet to be fully determined. At the same time, the existence of significant detrimental effects of caffeine deprivation on psychomotor performance has not been ruled out.

show abstract

Section: Comparison Of the Psychoactive Effects Of Caffeine In Nonusesupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine Use: is There a Net Benefit for Mood and Psychomotor Performance?

Rogers

Richardson²,

Dernoncourt³

1995

Neuropsychobiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gibson and Green (2002) similarly summarize the data relevant to this claim: "The change in cognitive performance after administration of glucose, and other foods, may depend on the level of sympathetic activation, glucocorticoid secretion, and pancreatic β-cell function, rather than simple fuelling of neural activity" (pp. 169-170), and, more directly, they argue that "behavioural effects of glucose ingestion should not be seen as resulting from simple fuelling of neural activity" (p. 198;see Rogers andLloyd, 1994, andGreen et al, 1997, for similar remarks regarding the role of sympathetic activity).…”

Section: Glucose Level: Constraint or Input?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Brain Consume Additional Glucose during Self-Control Tasks?

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A currently popular model of self-control posits that the exertion of self-control relies on a resource, which is expended by acts of self-control, resulting in less of this resource being available for subsequent acts of self-control. Recently, glucose has been proposed as the resource in question. For this model to be correct, it must be the case that A) performing a self-control task reduces glucose levels relative to a control task and B) performing a self-control task reduces glucose relative to pre-task levels. Evidence from neurophysiology suggests that (A) is unlikely to be true, and the evidence surrounding (B) is mixed, and is unlikely to be true for subjects who have not recently fasted. From the standpoint of evolved function, glucose might better be thought of as an input to decision making systems rather than as a constraint on performance.Keywords: self-control, glucose, brain metabolism, optimal foraging ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ Background and IntroductionA currently popular model of self-control posits that the exertion of self-control relies on a resource, which is expended by acts of self-control, resulting in less of this resource being available for subsequent acts of self-control (Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice, 2007;Muraven and Baumeister, 2000;Schmeichel and Baumeister, 2004;Vohs et al., 2008). The nature of this resource was previously left unspecified, referred to using metaphorical terms such as "willpower," or with the notion that self-control was "like a muscle" (Muraven and Baumeister, 2000).Recently, reported the results of nine studies designed to make this model more concrete, specifying glucose as the resource necessary for, and depleted by, acts of self-control (see also . Like much research in this literature, the studies in question used methods along the following lines. First, a "selfcontrol" task was performed by subjects, after which a second "self-control" task was performed. In this literature, it is frequently reported that compared to relevant controls, performance on the second task tends to be lower (see Hagger, Wood, Stiff, and Chatzisarantis, in press, for a recent meta-analysis); the "resource" explanation of such

show abstract

“…The relationship between food and mood in seemingly normal individuals is not a simple one but instead depends on the time of day, the type and macronutrient composition of food, the amount of food consumed, and the age and dietary history of the subject (39). For example, while skipping breakfast impairs cognitive performance (40), a largerthan-normal breakfast improves recall performance but impairs concentration (41).…”

Section: Moodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food, mood and health: a neurobiologic outlook

Prasad¹

1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hippocrates was the first to suggest the healing power of food; however, it was not until the medieval ages that food was considered a tool to modify temperament and mood, although scientific methods as we know them today were not in use at the time. Modern scientific methods in neuroscience began to emerge much later, leading investigators to examine the role of diet in health, including mental wellbeing, with greater precision. This review shows how short-and longterm forced dietary interventions bring about changes in brain structure, chemistry, and physiology, leading to altered animal behavior. Examples will be presented to show how diets alter brain chemistry, behavior, and the action of neuroactive drugs. Most humans and most animal species examined in a controlled setting exhibit a fairly reproducible pattern of what and how they eat. Recent data suggest that these patterns may be under the neurochemical and hormonal control of the organisms themselves. Other data show that in many instances food may be used unconsciously to regulate mood by seemingly normal subjects as well as those undergoing drug withdrawal or experiencing seasonal affective disorders and obesity-related social withdrawal. We will discuss specific examples that illustrate that manipulation of dietary preference is actually an attempt to correct neurochemical make-up.

show abstract

Nutrition and mental performance

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Caffeine Use: is There a Net Benefit for Mood and Psychomotor Performance?

Caffeine Use: is There a Net Benefit for Mood and Psychomotor Performance?

Does the Brain Consume Additional Glucose during Self-Control Tasks?

Food, mood and health: a neurobiologic outlook

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About