MATURATION STAGES OF FRUITS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY OF Physalis ixocarpa BROT. EX HORMEN

Abstract

ABSTRACT-Physalis is represented by species that produce fruits with relevant potential for national and international marketing. The species are normally grown from seeds, so maturation studies are important to assist the point of harvest, as well as seeds with a high physiological potential, since the fruits remain enclosed within a cup throughout their development. Despite the nutraceutical importance of fruits and medicinal potential of many species of Physalis information on the physiological seeds quality are scarce. This study aimed to monitor the physical and physiological changes of maturation and the viability of seeds during fruit development stages. The fruits of P. ixocarpa were collected in 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 days after anthesis (DAA). Length, diameter, fresh weight, skin and cup coloring characterization, TSS content, number and weight of seeds per fruit were obtained at each development stage. We also evaluated and correlated the coloring and pigment content of the cup (chlorophyll a and b). Water content, dry matter weight and germination rate were measured from fresh and dry seeds (room conditions, 72 hours). The main physical and physiological changes during maturation occurred within 35 DAA. The maximum physiological seeds quality was achieved within 45 DAA when the cup is completely or partially broken with coloring between yellowish-green and light-yellowish-brown and the ripe fruit in dark-green. Keywords: sowing, point of harvest, seeds weight, GSI. MATURAÇÃO DE FRUTOS E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE Physalis ixocarpa BROT. EX HORMEN RESUMO:Physalis é representado por espécies que produzem frutos com relevante potencial de comercialização nacional e internacional. As espécies são normalmente cultivadas a partir de sementes, e estudos de maturação são importantes para auxiliar na obtenção do ponto de colheita e de sementes com elevado potencial fisiológico, visto que os frutos permanecem encerrados dentro de um cálice durante todo o seu desenvolvimento. Apesar da importância nutracêutica dos frutos e do potencial medicinal de muitas espécies de Physalis, informações sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes são escassas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo acompanhar as mudanças físicas e fisiológicas da maturação e a viabilidade das sementes durante os estádios de desenvolvimento do fruto. Os frutos de P. ixocarpa foram coletados aos 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 dias após a antese (DAA). Em cada estádio de desenvolvimento foi obtido o comprimento, diâmetro, peso fresco, caracterização da coloração da casca e do cálice, teor de SST, número e peso de sementes por fruto. Foram também avaliados e correlacionados a coloração e o teor de pigmentos (clorofilas a e b) do cálice. As sementes frescas e dessecadas (condições ambiente, 72 h) foram avaliadas quanto ao conteúdo de água, peso da matéria seca e taxa de germinação. Observou-se que as principais mudanças físicas e fisiológicas na maturação ocorreram até 35 DAA. A máxima qualidade fisiológica das sementes foi alcançada aos 45 DAA, indicando que a...

Physalis development according to the growing season in the semi-arid region of the Bahia state, Brazil

“…The highest values for the total soluble solids content of the 'purple' and 'green' P. ixocarpa varieties (respectively 5.8 ºBrix and 6.2 ºBrix) were verified in mature fruits collected in the first growing season. These values are similar to those found in recent studies carried out with that species in the same region as in the present study, as well as in crops grown in Mexico (Benito-Bautista et al 2016, Barroso et al 2017, Ramos-Lopez et al 2017, Souza et al 2017. Thus, the value found in the study is within the expected range for mature fruits of this species used as vegetables.…”

“…The highest average for fresh weight (36.4 g) was verified for the 'green' P. ixocarpa in fruits with dry and completely ruptured calyx obtained from May to August 2017 (season 1). This value is similar to that found for the 'green' variety by Souza et al (2017) and Barroso et al (2017), for plants grown at the same place that the present study was carried out. However, when compared to the average of 30.5 g verified by Rodríguez-Burgos et al…”

“…In recent years, the cultivation and commercialization of physalis, mainly Physalis peruviana, have been taking place in the centralsouth Brazil; but species of this genus are tolerant to various types of climates and soils, and have a potential to be commercially expanded to others regions of the country (Rufato et al 2013, Muniz et al 2015. The potential for introducing this crop to the Brazilian Northeast region, for example, can be demonstrated by studies with different species of this genus carried out by Souza et al (2017) and with the P. ixocarpa species by Barroso et al (2017). In those studies, the fruits presented physical and physicochemical characteristics similar to those obtained in studies carried out in places of natural occurrence and/or cultivation of the species.…”

“…At 40 days after transplanting, at different positions and orientations in the plant, fruits in different stages were collected, and the maturation stages were determined according to the description of the characteristics and images of calyx and fruit displayed in the publication by Barroso et al (2017). By means of visual selection, the fruits were grouped into five stages: E1 -green calyx not completely expanded, and fruit not filling the calyx; E2 -green and fully expanded calyx, and fruit not filling the calyx; E3 -green and fully expanded calyx, and fruit completely filling the calyx; E4 -green calyx, with dry parts, completely expanded and ruptured, and fruit completely filling the calyx; E5 -dry, fully expanded and ruptured calyx, and fruit completely filling the calyx.…”

“…A época de cultivo tem efeito significativo nas características dos frutos, devendo este ser realizado de maio a agosto, no semiárido baiano. food and pharmaceutical industries), there has been a commercial interest, and recent studies have been carried out in the southeastern and northeastern regions of the country (Silva et al 2016, Barroso et al 2017.…”