“…Similarly, Kim et al adopted numerical simulations to observe the relationship between the combustion phase and the piston dynamics in a free piston engine, Wiebe heat release model is the core of the simulation model [9]. In addition, Chmela heat release model was used in literature [10], results showed that the good agreement between experiments and simulations confirms the model can predict the engine performance. Wu et al also established an oscillation model to describe the piston oscillation with the simplified ''triangle'' energy input [11].…”
“…Similarly, Kim et al adopted numerical simulations to observe the relationship between the combustion phase and the piston dynamics in a free piston engine, Wiebe heat release model is the core of the simulation model [9]. In addition, Chmela heat release model was used in literature [10], results showed that the good agreement between experiments and simulations confirms the model can predict the engine performance. Wu et al also established an oscillation model to describe the piston oscillation with the simplified ''triangle'' energy input [11].…”
“…It obtained by areal/double integration of film pressure as presented in Equation (18). Further to this explanation, the asperity contact force W a initiated due to boundary friction, most likely occur in the vicinity of the dead centers [TDC/BDC] due to momentary cessation of lubricant entraining motion (Hu et al, 2011;Chong et al, 2012).…”
Piston subsystem is subjected to very complex but dynamic forces. Such forces include combustion gas force, inertial dynamics forces, lubricating action/damping forces, contact friction forces to name a few. Further, piston ring mounted in piston in addition to these forces experiences out ward springing action inside engine mounting due to inherent elasticity. To evaluate the strength of reciprocating piston, the simultaneous effect of all these forces should be considered, while simulating through finite element method. With effect of all these forces, the currently considered piston of Gray Cast Iron, aluminum alloy and Metal-Metric-Composite (Si-C) are given four different crown shapes for optimization of material and crown geometry for better strength. The rings mounted are considered to be coated with Nickasil. The combined numerical simulation for contact and finite element simulation of structural strength and their correlation suggest many important outcomes. Von-Misses stress is maximum in case of type-B Al-alloy crown, while it is minimum in case of type-C SiC metal matrix piston.
“…The variable compression ratio characteristic is advantageous in increasing the thermodynamic efficiency. A single piston type configuration engine coupled with hydraulic units was reported with an efficiency of 28%, which was higher than the conventional hydraulic plunger pump system of 25% [5].…”
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