Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Adult Male Criminal Outcomes

Brennan, Patricia A.; Grekin, Emily R.; Mednick, Sarnoff A.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.215

Cited by 249 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Willett, Singer, & Martin, 1998). Third, our findings are limited to measures of externalizing in young children and may not reflect the underlying mechanisms responsible for the association between SDP and adult criminal activity (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999;Rasanen et al, 1999). Fourth, no father information was included in the analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SDP has been associated with parent-reported conduct problems (Ernst, 2001), arrest history from national crime registries (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999;Rasanen et al, 1999), contact 2 All correspondence should be sent to: Brian D'Onofrio, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, bmdonofr@indiana.edu. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

et al. 2008

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Previous studies have documented that smoking during pregnancy (SDP) is associated with offspring externalizing problems, even when measured covariates were used to control for possible confounds. However, the association may be due to non-measured environmental and genetic factors that increase risk for offspring externalizing problems. The current project used the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children, ages 4-10 years, to explore the relations between SDP and offspring conduct problems (CP), oppositional-defiant problems (ODP), and attention deficit hyperactivity problems (ADHP) using methodological and statistical controls for confounds. When offspring were compared to their own siblings who differed in their exposure to prenatal nicotine, there was no effect of SDP on offspring CP and ODP. This suggests that SDP does not have a causal effect on offspring CP and ODP. There was a small association between SDP and ADHP, consistent with a causal effect of SDP, but the magnitude of the association was greatly reduced by methodological and statistical controls. Genetically informed analyses suggest that unmeasured environmental variables influencing both SDP and offspring externalizing behaviors account for the previously observed associations. That is, the current analyses imply that important unidentified environmental factors account for the association between SDP and offspring externalizing problems, not teratogenic effects of SDP. Keywordssmoking during pregnancy; conduct problems; externalizing problems; ADHD; children of twins; causation Smoking during pregnancy (SDP) has been consistently linked with externalizing problems in offspring, particularly in males (reviews in Cnattingius, 2004;Huizink & Mulder, 2005;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag, Pickett, Cook, Benowitz, & Leventhal, 2002). SDP has been associated with parent-reported conduct problems (Ernst, 2001), arrest history from national crime registries (Brennan, Grekin, & Mednick, 1999;Rasanen et al., 1999), contact 2 All correspondence should be sent to: Brian D'Onofrio, PhD, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, bmdonofr@indiana.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 August 08. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptwith police obtained by city police records (Gibson, Piquero, & Tibbets, 2000), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001), Conduct Disorder (Fergusson, Woodward, & Horwood, 1998;Wakschlag & Hans, 2002;Wakschlag & Keenan, 2001;Wakschlag et al., 1997;Weissman, Warner, Wickramaratne, & Kandel, 1999) and Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (Mick, Biederman, Faraone, Sayer, & Kleinman, 2002;Rodriguez & Bohlin, 2005).Reviews of the literature note that the association is consistent with a causal connection because the association is specific to externalizing problems, has been found across diverse samples and measures, demonstr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

et al. 2008

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“…Several studies also revealed an increased incidence of externalizing disorders in general (Breslau and Chilcoat, 2000), and attention-deficit hyperactivity (Milberger et al, 1998) and conduct (Wakschlag et al, 1997;Weissman et al, 1999) disorders in particular. Some studies also observed an association between PEMCS and criminal behavior in adulthood (Brennan et al, 1999;Räsänen et al, 1999), and higher rates of aggression in children and adults (Orlebeke et al, 1999;Räsänen et al, 1999). Finally, PEMCS may increase the probability of experimenting with cigarette smoking in childhood (Cornelius et al, 2000) and of developing cigarette smoking addiction in adolescence (Kandel et al, 1994;Kandel and Udry, 1999;Weissman et al, 1999;Buka et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Cigarette Smoking and the Adolescent Cerebral Cortex

Toro

Leonard

Lerner

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

128

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Smoking during pregnancy is associated with long-term consequences on offspring behavior. We measured thickness of the cerebral cortex using magnetic resonance images obtained in 155 adolescents exposed in utero to maternal smoking and compared them with 159 non-exposed subjects matched by maternal education. Orbitofrontal, middle frontal, and parahippocampal cortices were thinner in exposed, as compared with non-exposed, individuals; these differences were more pronounced in female adolescents. In exposed females, the thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex correlated negatively with a self-rated assessment of caring, one of the components of a model of positive youth development. These findings provide evidence of the long-term impact of prenatal environment on a neural substrate of cognition and social behavior.

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“…(57) In the studies mentioned, the association found remains, even when the analyses are adjusted for the influence of other risk factors for criminal behavior. Studies A variety of mechanisms could mediate this association.…”

Section: Smoking and Other Mental Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Características psicológicas associadas ao comportamento de fumar tabaco

2007

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This article is a literature review of the psychological aspects of smoking behavior, highlighting personality characteristics of the smoker as an obstacle to smoking cessation. It describes the relationship between smoking behavior and personality, and between smoking and the principal psychiatric disorders. Studies reveal that smokers tend to be more extroverted, anxious, tense, and impulsive, and show more traits of neuroticism and psychoticism than do ex-smokers or nonsmokers. The literature also reveals a strong association between smoking and mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression. Understanding the psychological factors associated with tobacco smoking and dependence can further the development and improvement of therapeutic strategies to be used in smoking-cessation programs, as well as of programs aimed at prevention and education. return to levels similar to those observed in controls. Excessive weight gain generally follows alterations in behavior and personality patterns, frequently manifested as depression, abstention, self-punishment, irritability, and aggression. Weight gain, together with increased stress, intensifies the impulse to eat, perpetuating the vicious cycle. At the moment, the three most widely accepted theories to explain the relationship between smoking and body weight are as follows: a) increased metabolic rate, with greater energy expenditure by smokers; b) differences in quality and quantity of food intake by smokers; c) appetite loss, via nicotine. (4,5) In this review article, emphasizing the personality profile of the smoker as an important obstacle to cessation, we describe the relationship between smoking and personality and, subsequently, the relationship between smoking and the principal psychiatric disorders. Smoking and personalityMost studies on the relationship between smoking and personality characteristics, in recent decades, were carried out according to the theoretical model proposed in 1967. (6) According to this approach, there are three predominant dimensions of character or personality supposedly related to smoking: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.The extroversion dimension comprises factors such as sociability, assertiveness, positive emotions, vivacity, and activity level. (7) It has been hypothesized that there is a relationship between extroversion and smoking. (6) In line with this interpretation, extroverts and introverts differ as to the level of necessary stimulation for their well-being. At equivalent stimulation levels, extroverts will be characterized by low cortical excitation, and introverts by high cortical excitation. At a medium level of stimulation, at which most daily activities occur, extroverts will more likely feel little stimulated, whereas introverts will feel highly stimulated. Since they operate below their ideal level of cortical excitation, extroverts might try to change their external environment through increased activity, or might try to change their internal environment by ingesting substances, su...

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Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Adult Male Criminal Outcomes

Cited by 249 publications

References 21 publications

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

Smoking during pregnancy and offspring externalizing problems: An exploration of genetic and environmental confounds

Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Cigarette Smoking and the Adolescent Cerebral Cortex

Características psicológicas associadas ao comportamento de fumar tabaco

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