Material properties of femoral cancellous bone in axial loading

Rohlmann, A.; Zilch, Hans-Gerhard; Bergmann, G.; Kölbel, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00450930

Cited by 92 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mean (?SD) wet apparent density of our specimens (0.52 2 0.16 g/cm3) is similar to that of the human proximal femur (0.50 t 0.16 g/cm3 [34]) (we converted the dry apparent density, as originally reported in reference 34, to wet apparent density (Y) using Y = 1.25 X on the basis of the data of Galante et al [ll]) but almost twice that of vertebral trabecular bone from an elderly person (0.22 2 0.06 g/cm3) (11). Thus, in terms of apparent density, our findings should be applicable to the denser bone of the proximal femur but may not be applicable to low-density vertebral bone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Dependence of trabecular damage on mechanical strain

Wachtel

Keaveny

1997

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Trabecular damage may play a role in hip fracture, bone remodeling, and prosthesis loosening. We hypothesized that when trabecular bone is loaded beyond its elastic range, both the type and the amount of damage depend on the applied strains. Thirty specimens of trabecular bone from the bovine tibia underwent compression tests to one of three levels of strain (0.4. 1.0. and 2.5%) (n = 10 per group). The 0.4% level was a mechanically nondestructive control group that accounted for any systematic errors. Optical microscopy at magnifications as high as x200 was then used to quantify the trabecular damage for each group. The amount of damage in the yield group (1.0% strain) did not differ from that in the control group (p = 0.66), whereas damage in the post-ultimate strain group (2.5% strain) increased more than 3-fold (p < 0.0008). Four types of damage were observed: transverse cracks, shear bands, parallel cracks, and complete fractures, of which the first two were dominant. These findings therefore indicate that damage occurs within trabeculae at yield. By comparison with our previous work, it can also be concluded that substantial modulus reductions in trabecular bone (as much as 60%) are caused by damage primarily within trabeculae. The ability to detect such damage clinically may improve in vivo estimates of whole-bone strength by identifying regions of densitometrically normal but mechanically compromised trabecular bone.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Dependence of trabecular damage on mechanical strain

Wachtel

Keaveny

1997

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Young's modulus of human cancellous bone as a whole has a value of approximately 389 MPa. 19 The Young's modulus of heattreated porcine cancellous bone was close to that of the human trabecular bone. Porcine bone was used because of its mechanical properties, and the risks of disease transmission and immune reaction were minimized through high-temperature heat treatment.…”

Section: Estimation Of Osteoconductive Activity With In Vivo Testingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chemical, structural properties, and osteoconductive effectiveness of bone block derived from porcine cancellous bone

et al. 2003

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The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of bioactive calcium phosphate obtained from porcine cancellous bone for the treatment of bone defects and nonunion. Porcine cancellous bone blocks were heat treated at 1300 degrees C for 2 h. The chemical composition, calcium-to-phosphate ratio, and microstructure of the porcine bone blocks were examined. For in vivo implantation, bone defects were created on the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia in seven beagle dogs and the xenograft bone blocks were placed into these defects. Plain radiographs were taken at 2-week intervals for roentgenographic evaluation. At 12 weeks, the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The composition and morphology of heat-treated porcine cancellous bone were found to be similar to heat-treated human cancellous bone. Radiographs showed union between the host bone/bone-block interfaces. At 12 weeks, uniform and substantial new bone formation was observed. It is concluded that heat-treated porcine cancellous bone demonstrated effective osteoconductivity. This high-temperature heat-treatment technique has several advantages, including decreased risk of disease transmission and immunoreactivity, while also offering excellent biocompatibility.

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“…The E values of these scaffolds were around 400 N/mm 2 , comparable to published moduli of trabecular bone (50-450 N/mm 2 ). [13][14][15] The maximum stress prior to failure of the compressed scaffolds, in the range of 25-38 N/mm 2 , was greater than that of trabecular bone. The maximum stress of trabecular bone has been reported to be in the range of 1-10 N/mm 2 .…”

Section: Compression Testingmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of fabrication methods on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds

Forcino

Jonnalagadda

2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of the fabrication method, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecular weight, and PEG concentration on the mechanical and thermal properties of blended poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/PEG scaffolds. The manufacturing process was the dominant factor. The tested fabrication processes were compression, heat molding, and solvent casting/vacuum drying. The scaffolds produced by compression were strong and brittle with mechanical properties [compressive modulus (E) $ 400 N/mm 2 ] comparable to those of trabecular bone. The heat-molded scaffolds were weaker and more ductile (E $ 45 N/mm 2 ) than the compressed scaffolds, so they were more applicable to nonload-bearing applications. The vacuum-dried scaffolds completely lacked compressive strength (E $ 5 N/mm 2 ) and were considered unsuitable for scaffolding applications. The miscibilities of the blends were also affected by the processing method and were evaluated on the basis of the meltingpoint depression of crystalline PEG. The miscibility of PLGA in PEG was greatest with vacuum drying (6-13%), followed by heat molding (0.4-1.5%) and then compression (0.2-0.8%). The application of heat and solvent to the blend successfully altered the miscibility of the two polymers. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability to fabricate scaffolds with distinct thermal and mechanical characteristics by the manipulation of the fabrication method.2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: [944][945][946][947][948][949] 2007

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Material properties of femoral cancellous bone in axial loading

Cited by 92 publications

References 5 publications

Dependence of trabecular damage on mechanical strain

Dependence of trabecular damage on mechanical strain

Chemical, structural properties, and osteoconductive effectiveness of bone block derived from porcine cancellous bone

The effect of fabrication methods on the mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) scaffolds

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