Matching Diabetes and Alcoholism: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurogenesis Are Commonly Involved

Abstract

Diabetes and alcohol misuse are two of the major challenges in health systems worldwide. These two diseases finally affect several organs and systems including the central nervous system. Hippocampus is one of the most relevant structures due to neurogenesis and memory-related processing among other functions. The present review focuses on the common profile of diabetes and ethanol exposure in terms of oxidative stress and proinflammatory and prosurvival recruiting transcription factors affecting hippocampal neurogenesis. Some aspects around antioxidant strategies are also included. As a global conclusion, the present review points out some common hits on both diseases giving support to the relations between alcohol intake and diabetes.

Effects of Acute Ethanol Administration on Brain Oxidative Status: The Role of Acetaldehyde

“…A). However, some authors have described an increase in MDA concentrations after long‐term EtOH administration, thus confirming failure of the compensatory mechanism in response to the oxidative threat after chronic exposure to alcohol (Almansa et al., ; Barcia et al., ; Johnsen‐Soriano et al., ). It is also remarkable that DP had no effect on lipid peroxidation or oxidative damage to proteins.…”

“…Previous studies have explored the effects of EtOH administration on ROS production (Guerri and Grisolia, ). In this respect, it has been described that chronic EtOH administration produces a decrease in antioxidant levels (Almansa et al., , ; Barcia et al., ; Sancho‐Tello et al., ). Moreover, treatment with antioxidants has been demonstrated to prevent functional impairments such as survival of newly formed neurons (Herrera et al., ) or alterations in long‐term potentiation induction (Johnsen‐Soriano et al., ).…”

“…In fact, chronic EtOH administration decreases the hippocampal GSH/GSSG ratio as well as GPx activity. Moreover, since ROS usually react with lipids, and the CNS is especially rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids as mentioned above, lipid peroxidation results in the production of aldehydes such as malondialdehyde (MDA; Almansa et al., ; Barcia et al., ; Hernández et al., ). Chronically, these end products may create adducts, leading to DNA and protein alterations (which can be assessed by the determination of the total carbonyl group (CG) content).…”

Does Oxidative Stress Induced by Alcohol Consumption Affect Orthodontic Treatment Outcome?

“…Experimental data widely show that DM promotes molecular and structural changes in the periodontal area after orthodontic treatment including MMP's or bone alterations (Feng et al, 2007; Abbassy et al, 2010; Braga et al, 2011; Villarino et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2011). There are some similarities between alcohol exposure and DM in terms of molecular signaling and gene expression (Barcia et al, 2015). Additionally, experimental and clinical studies strongly indicate a close relationship between alcohol intake and risk of diabetes development (Cullmann et al, 2012; Kim et al, 2013).…”

Biological Systems Are a Common Link Between Alcohol Use Disorder and Co‐Occurring Psychiatric and Medical Conditions

“…Repeated activation of these pro‐inflammatory pathways increases neuroinflammation and neural damage in prefrontal regions thought to underlie cognitive control. This inflammatory cascade is implicated in oxidative stress that underlies cognitive impairment in chronic alcoholism and diabetes (Barcia et al., ). Notably, animal models suggest that TLR4 activity might promote alcohol consumption.…”