Marinobacter xestospongiae sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the Red Sea

Abstract

A Gram-negative, catalase-and oxidase-positive, non-sporulating, rod-shaped and slightly halophilic bacterial strain, designated UST090418-1611 T , was isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. Phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain UST090418-1611 T in the family .4 and 97.3 %, respectively), the relatedness of the strain to these three strains in DNA-DNA hybridization was only 58, 56 and 33 %, respectively, supporting the novelty of the strain. In contrast to most strains in the genus Marinobacter, strain UST090418-1611 T tolerated only 6 % (w/v) NaCl, and optimal growth occurred at 2.0 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7.0-8.0 and 28-36 6C. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C 12 : 0 3-OH, C 16 : 0 , C 12 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 v6c and/or C 16 : 1 v7c). The genomic DNA G+C content was 57.1 mol%. Based on the physiological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, we suggest that the strain represents a novel species in the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter xestospongiae sp. nov. is proposed, with UST090418-1611 T (5JCM 17469 T 5NRRL B-59512 T ) as the type strain.

Response of the bacterial community associated with a cosmopolitan marine diatom to crude oil shows a preference for the biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons

“…The closest type strain to Arenibacter OTUs 142 and 202 was to Arenibacter echinorum strain KMM 6032 T -respectively 95% and 96% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity -isolated from a sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius (Nedashkovskaya et al, 2007). The closest type strain to Marinobacter OTUs 477 and 758 was to Marinobacter xestospongiae strain UST090418-1611 T -respectively 96% and 95% 16S rRNA sequence identity -isolated from the marine sponge Xestospongia testudinaria collected from the Red Sea (Lee et al, 2012). As expected, P. algicola strain TG408 T , which was previously identified living associated with S. costatum and other eukaryotic phytoplankton species, and which is a specialist aromatic hydrocarbon degrader (Gutierrez et al, 2013), had also become positively enriched by the oil.…”

Biogeochemical implications of the ubiquitous colonization of marine habitats and redox gradients by Marinobacter species

“…Many, but not all are enzymatically able to reduce nitrate (Table 1). Lack of fermentation by M. hydrocarbonoclasticus was initially proposed as a distinctive feature of the genus; however, a number of subsequently isolated type strains exhibit both fermentative and respiratory metabolisms, owing to their ability to ferment glucose (Table 1), lactate (Handley et al, 2009a) and other substrates (Lee et al, 2012). Evaluation of recently available genome sequences also suggests certain Marinobacter species may exhibit enzymatic resistance to arsenic and heavy metals (e.g., Wang et al, 2012).…”

Substrates specialization in lipid compounds and hydrocarbons of Marinobacter genus

“…Representatives of this genus have also been identified associated with the bacterial flora of marine organisms. Indeed, they were isolated from photosynthetic unicellular organisms such as dinoflagellates secreting paralyzing toxins (Gymnodinium catenatum and Alexandrium tamarense) (Green et al 2006) as well as multicellular organisms such as bryozoans (Romanenko et al 2005) and sponges (Lee et al 2012). Thus Marinobacter seems to colonize a wide variety of marine ecosystems around the world ranging from psychrophilic to thermophilic environments with a high tolerance to salinity and pH.…”