Map-Based UAV mmWave Channel Model and Characteristics Analysis

Jiang, Shan; Zhu, Qiuming; Wang, Cheng-Xiang; Masuda, Kai; Xie, Weiping; Zhong, Weizhi; Yao, Mengtian

doi:10.1109/icccworkshops49972.2020.9209911

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…"Rg" denotes regular functions, which use Bessel functions An approximation is made in (1), where the integration over k z is limited to propagating waves, as the contribution of evanescent…”

Section: Novelty Of the Fhmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, with the rapid advancement of satellite communication, channel modeling of forested environments is essential in communication system. Designing and optimizing wireless systems in forest environments requires the electromagnetic characterization of forests [1][2][3]. A second application of radio signal penetration through forests is foliage penetration (FOPEN) [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Full-wave Electromagnetic Simulations of Forests at L-band by Using Fast Hybrid Method

Jeong,

Tsang,

Colliander

et al. 2023

PIER

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Wave propagation in forests at L-band has essential applications in satellite communication system design, foliage penetration (FOPEN), and remote sensing of forest canopy and soil using passive active and reflectometry techniques. In this work, we propose applying the fast hybrid method (FHM) for full-wave simulations of forests. The FHM significantly improves CPU time and memory efficiency for full-wave electromagnetic solutions. In this paper, we present simulations of forests of up to 72 trees with heights up to 13 m with FHM. Spatial distributions of electric fields at the bottom plane of the trees are illustrated showing constructive and destructive interferences. The electric field distributions show that the amplitudes of the electric fields can be as large as twice that of incident waves. The transmissivities are computed and averaged over realizations based on the electric fields underneath the forest. The simulations were performed on a desktop and required a CPU time of only 1346 seconds and the memory of 16.5 GB for the case of 72 13-m tall trees, demonstrating that the FHM method is substantially more efficient than the available commercial software. The results show that the L-band signals can penetrate forests to sense the soil moisture and detect targets hidden within forests, as evidenced by significant electric field intensities under forest canopies. Also, we illustrate that GPS signals can penetrate forests and be successfully received by GPS receivers. In the study on clustering effects, we present two distinct solutions for transmissivities, each corresponding to different spatial distributions of trees while maintaining the same average tree density.

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Section: Novelty Of the Fhmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full-wave Electromagnetic Simulations of Forests at L-band by Using Fast Hybrid Method

Jeong,

Tsang,

Colliander

et al. 2023

PIER

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show abstract

“…Moreover, 3GPP [108] provided a map-based hybrid method to model the mmWave channel. In particular, combining ray-tracing and digital map based methods to model UAV mmWave channels and to compute the exact channel parameters, the authors in [127] and [128] studied channel characteristics under different scenarios and the influence of the reconstruction accuracy of the digital map database, respectively.…”

Section: B Existing Channel Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Enabled UAV Communications and Networking

Xiao¹,

Zhu²,

Liu³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have found widespread commercial, civilian, and military applications. Wireless communication has always been one of the core technologies for UAV. However, the communication capacity is becoming a bottleneck for UAV to support more challenging application scenarios. The heavily-occupied sub-6 GHz frequency band is not sufficient to meet the ultra high-datatraffic requirements. The utilization of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands is a promising direction for UAV communications, where large antenna arrays can be packed in a small area on the UAV to perform three-dimensional (3D) beamforming. On the other hand, UAVs serving as aerial access points or relays can significantly enhance the coverage and quality of service of the terrestrial mmWave cellular networks. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on mmWave beamforming enabled UAV communications and networking. The technical potential of and challenges for mmWave-UAV communications are presented first. Then, we provide an overview on relevant mmWave antenna structures and channel modeling. Subsequently, the technologies and solutions for UAV-connected mmWave cellular networks and mmWave-UAV ad hoc networks are reviewed, respectively. Finally,

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“…Based on the geometric parameters, the coordinates of the transmitter, receiver, and the intersection point of the ray and triangular facet are obtained. We can calculate the channel parameters according to the definitions in [2]. The angle parameter of the channel is related to the position vector of the TX antenna, RX antenna, and scatterers.…”

Section: Channel Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the existing literatures, a lot of channel models have been studied in indoor or outdoor scenarios [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, there are few studies for the inside of tower structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Propagation Characteristics for the Communications Inside Tower Structure Buildings

Yin¹,

Xie²,

Hao³

et al. 2021

PIER M

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Map-Based UAV mmWave Channel Model and Characteristics Analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Full-wave Electromagnetic Simulations of Forests at L-band by Using Fast Hybrid Method

Full-wave Electromagnetic Simulations of Forests at L-band by Using Fast Hybrid Method

A Survey on Millimeter-Wave Beamforming Enabled UAV Communications and Networking

Channel Propagation Characteristics for the Communications Inside Tower Structure Buildings

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