Manufacturing Cell Therapies Using Engineered Biomaterials

Abstract

Emerging manufacturing processes to generate advanced regenerative cell therapies involve extensive genomic and/or epigenomic manipulation of autologous or allogeneic cells. These cell engineering processes need to be carefully controlled and standardized in order to maximize safety and efficacy in clinical trials. Engineered biomaterials with smart and tunable properties offer an intriguing tool to provide or deliver cues to retain stemness, direct differentiation, promote reprogramming, manipulate the genome, or select functional phenotypes. This review discusses the use of engineered biomaterials to control human cell manufacturing. Future work exploiting engineered biomaterials has the potential to generate manufacturing processes that produce standardized cells with well-defined critical quality attributes appropriate for clinical testing.

Properties of immature and mature dendritic cells: phenotype, morphology, phagocytosis, and migration

“…Recently, biomaterial-based vaccines have been intensively developed to treat cancer and other immune-associated diseases. [1][2][3][4][5] These materials-based vaccines can stimuli the patient's own immune system by delivering antigens and adjuvants to the antigen-presenting cells. For example, nanoparticles loaded with antigens and activating signals were targeted to dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) 6,7 and macroporous scaffold releasing chemokines were used to recruit the peripheral DCs into the scaffold and direct them to LNs.…”

Trinity of Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold, Vibration, and 3D Printing on Cell Culture Application: A Systematic Review and Indicating Future Direction

“…These hybrid systems could have the potential to mitigate the disadvantages of any 3DP technology used alone, such as the limited material selection of definite 3DP. Last, in advanced cell-medical applications, the potential future scaffold might need the fabrication mode to be of small quantity, but of high quality and rapid in time [ 31 , 98 , 106 ]. This is different from fabricating other daily engineering products where fabrication costs and output quantities would be generally considered in priority.…”

“…After illustrating three aspects that determine the functionality of traditional 3D scaffold, another core issue inside scaffold engineering is about scaffold’s material composition. To begin with, the materials that are utilized for 3D cell culture scaffold are generally required to be in-toxic and can easily satisfy food and drug administration (FDA) requirements as well as being biocompatible; the materials utilized for 3D TE scaffold typically need to be bio-absorbable [ 2 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Previous researchers used to divide materials into biopolymer and non-biopolymer categories, that is, biopolymer materials include natural and synthetic polymers, and non-biopolymer materials chiefly include glass, ceramics, metals, and composites.…”

Bottom-up approaches in synthetic biology and biomaterials for tissue engineering applications

“…Specifically, we examine how these domains/modules can build instructive environments for stem cells to receive timely extrinsic signals for improving differentiation outcomes. Many reviews have been published summarizing how biomaterial scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering applications [199, 93, 200, 201, 113]. Here, we discuss how taking a bottom-up approach to assemble modular protein domains within biomaterial scaffolds will enable the construction of complex cell-responsive extracellular matrices for directing cell fate decisions.…”