Manufacture of silicon tetrachloride from rice hulls

Basu, Prabir K.; King, C. Judson; Lynn, Scott

doi:10.1002/aic.690190304

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Because RHs contain a high concentration of silica (ca. 15–28 wt %), the most common approaches to take advantage of RHs are to prepare silicon-based materials, including silica, , silicon, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon tetrachloride, and zeolites . These RH-derived silicon-containing materials can find wide applications in the fields of adsorption, pigment, catalysis, optical devices, energy storage, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale and Controllable Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from Rice Husk Biomass: A Comprehensive Utilization Strategy

Wang¹,

Yu²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

268

183

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In this work, rice husk biomass was utilized as an abundant source to controllably prepare high-quality graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with a yield of ca. 15 wt %. The size, morphology, and structure of the rice-husk-derived GQDs were determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The as-fabricated GQDs can be stably dispersed in water, exhibiting bright and tunable photoluminescence. A cell viability test further confirmed that the GQDs possess excellent biocompatibility, and they can be easily adopted for cell imaging via a facile translocation into the cytoplasm. It is worth noting that mesoporous silica nanoparticles were also synthesized as a byproduct during the fabrication of GQDs. As such, our strategy achieves a comprehensive utilization of rice husks, exhibiting tremendous benefits on both the economy and environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale and Controllable Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from Rice Husk Biomass: A Comprehensive Utilization Strategy

Wang¹,

Yu²,

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

268

183

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“…Since agricultural biomass wastes contain a large percentage of inorganic constituents, several kinds of electrode materials have been derived from various biomass resources. For example, rice husks are one of the most impressive siliceous and carbonaceous precursors for producing silica [35,36,37], silicon [38,39,40], silicon tetrachloride [41], silicon nitride [42], silicon carbide [43], graphene [44,45,46], and activated carbon (AC) [47]. Due to the advantages of both silicon nanoarchitectures (i.e., low discharge potential and high specific capacity) and carbon nanostructures (i.e., high porosity and good electrical conductivity), there have been several attempts to derive both silicon- and carbon-based materials from a single biomass resource of rice husks [20,48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon-Decorated Spherical Silicon Nanocrystal Composites Synchronously-Derived from Rice Husks for Anodic Source of Lithium-Ion Battery

Lee

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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The nanocomposites of activated-carbon-decorated silicon nanocrystals (AC<nc-Si>AC) were synchronously derived in a single step from biomass rice husks, through the simple route of the calcination method together with the magnesiothermic reduction process. The final product, AC<nc-Si>AC, exhibited an aggregated structure of activated-carbon-encapsulated nanocrystalline silicon spheres, and reveals a high specific surface area (498.5 m2/g). Owing to the mutualization of advantages from both silicon nanocrystals (i.e., low discharge potential and high specific capacity) and activated carbon (i.e., high porosity and good electrical conductivity), the AC<nc-Si>AC nanocomposites are able to play a substantial role as an anodic source material for the lithium-ion battery (LIB). Namely, a high coulombic efficiency (97.5%), a high discharge capacity (716 mAh/g), and a high reversible specific capacity (429 mAh/g after 100 cycles) were accomplished when using AC<nc-Si>AC as an LIB anode. The results advocate that the simultaneous synthesis of biomass-derived AC<nc-Si>AC is beneficial for green energy-storage device applications.

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“…Considering also the environmental friendliness, meanwhile, the biomass rice husk is one of the most abundant natural resources that can supply various kinds of carbonaceous and siliceous sources [ 38 , 39 ]. Upon such benefits, a lot of Si and C nanostructures were derived from rice husks for the LIB and the SIB applications; e.g., graphene [ 39 ], porous carbon [ 40 ], activated carbon [ 41 ], zeolites [ 42 ], silicon carbide [ 43 ], silica [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], silicon tetrachloride [ 47 ], silicon nitride [ 48 ], silicon nanocrystals [ 36 , 49 ], etc. In spite of such an availability for both carbonaceous and siliceous natures from rice husks, however, the simultaneous derivation of the C-Si nanocomposites has rarely been investigated, except for few previous works [ 36 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Pot Synthesized Biomass C-Si Nanocomposites as an Anodic Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery

Lee

Kim

2020

Nanomaterials

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Aiming at materializing an excellent anodic source material of the high-performance sodium-ion battery (SIB), we fabricated the biomass carbon-silicon (C-Si) nanocomposites by the one-pot synthesis of facile magnesiothermic reduction using brown rice husk ashes. The C-Si nanocomposites displayed an aggregated morphology, where the spherical Si nanoparticles (9 nm on average) and the C nanoflakes were encapsulated and decorated with each other. When utilizing the nanocomposites as an SIB anode, a high initial discharge capacity (i.e., 378 mAh/g at 100 mA/g) and a high reversible capacity (i.e., 122 mAh/g at 200 mA/g) were achieved owing to their enhanced electronic and ionic conductivities. Moreover, the SIB device exhibited a high cyclic stability in its Coulombic efficiency (i.e., 98% after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 200 mA/g). These outstanding results depict that the one-pot synthesized biomass C-Si nanocomposites are beneficial for future green energy-storage technology.

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Manufacture of silicon tetrachloride from rice hulls

Abstract: Raw rice hulls contain about 20% silica in very finely dispersed form. Pyrolyzed hulls can be chlorinated at 1000°C to give a nearly quantitative yield of silicon tetrachloride free of most other inorganic chlorides. Solid.

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Large-Scale and Controllable Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from Rice Husk Biomass: A Comprehensive Utilization Strategy

Large-Scale and Controllable Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots from Rice Husk Biomass: A Comprehensive Utilization Strategy

Activated Carbon-Decorated Spherical Silicon Nanocrystal Composites Synchronously-Derived from Rice Husks for Anodic Source of Lithium-Ion Battery

One-Pot Synthesized Biomass C-Si Nanocomposites as an Anodic Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Battery

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