Manufacture of furfural in biphasic media made up of an ionic liquid and a co-solvent

Hydrolysis of Hemicellulose and Derivatives—A Review of Recent Advances in the Production of Furfural

“…Some neutral ILs such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Sievers et al, 2009 ; Zhang L. et al, 2013 ; Peleteiro et al, 2014 ) has been employed as efficient solvents and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride used as additive (Binder et al, 2010 ). Generally, acidic ILs were applied as catalysts which performed as reaction mediums (Peleteiro et al, 2016a ), such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Carvalho et al, 2015 ; Peleteiro et al, 2015a , b ), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumhydrogen sulfate (Lima et al, 2009 ), 1-(4-sulfonic acid) butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (Tao et al, 2011 , 2012 ). Even though ILs have showed many advantages for the production of furfural, scientists are also facing plenty of challenges to realize their industrial utilization, such as the cost of ILs, deep understanding of their properties, their recovery and recycling problems and also environmental issues.…”

Catalytic insights into the production of biomass-derived side products methyl levulinate, furfural and humins

“…For instance, Lima et al [107] utilized [EMIM]HSO 4 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate) combined with toluene, obtaining 84% furfural from xylose. Peleteiro et al [108] reported yields of up to 82% when [BMIM]HSO 4 was in the presence of dioxane, and of up to 80% with MIBK, in xylose dehydration at 140 • C. Attempts on whole biomass conversion were also attempted, yielding to 33% furfural from Miscanthus giganteus at 120 • C for 22 h [109], and yields of 36% were reported from wheat straw dehydration, with up to 3% co-yield of HMF [110]. Ionic liquids, in conclusion, seem to have optimum employability for future furfural productions.…”

Potential of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes for the recovery of high‐concentrated furfural streams

“…For instance, furfural (furan‐2‐carbaldehyde) is a versatile furan platform compound consisting of a hetero‐aromatic furan ring and an aldehyde functional group . Furfural is produced from the polysaccharide fraction (hemicelluloses) of lignocellulosic residues, which is the most abundant fraction in nature . Generally, there are two processes taking place in furfural production, involving depolymerization and dehydration .…”

“…3 Furfural is produced from the polysaccharide fraction (hemicelluloses) of lignocellulosic residues, which is the most abundant fraction in nature. 2,[4][5][6][7] Generally, there are two processes taking place in furfural production, involving depolymerization and dehydration. 8,9 Furfural is industrially produced from lignocellulosic biomass of oat hulls, pioneered by Quaker Oat Company (1921), using sulfuric acid and high-pressurized water as a reaction medium.…”