“…According to Andrews, Durvasula, and Akhter (1990), the "involvement direction" refers to the target of the involvement, such as an advertisement (i.e., Laczniak, Muehling, & Grossbart, 1989;Wright, 1973;Zaichkowsky, 1985Zaichkowsky, , 1994 or a product (i.e., Bloch, 1984;Lastovicka & Gardner, 1989;Zaichkowsky, 1985Zaichkowsky, , 1994. Researchers have also examined responses to an advertisement or product in online environments (Cho, 1999;Cho & Leckenby, 1999;Hershberger, 2003;McMillan, Hwang, & Lee, 2003;Yang et al, 2006).…”