Manifest aggression: MMPI correlates in normal boys.

Abstract

An investigation of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) personality characteristics of adolescent boys was conducted. Teacher and peer ratings were used to form 4 groups of Ss who differed on degree of expressed aggression. Aggression groups consisted of High Aggression (N : =21), High Middle Aggression (N = 20), Low Middle Aggression (N = 20), and Low Aggression (N = 22). Ss were group-administered an audio form of the MMPI. High-Aggression boys (although not actually delinquent) were found to be similar to delinquent boys in personality-generally rebellious, schizoid, and excitable. However, they were different in that they appeared more concerned over the effects of their behavior. Low-Aggression boys appeared more disturbed than Middle-Aggression boys and similar to High-Aggression boys in being more schizoid. However, they appeared more neurotic, withdrawn, and socially inhibited than other boys.

Sum of MMPI Scales F, 4, and 9 as a measure of aggression.

“…The peer nomination technique also included items intended to measure aggression avoidance; for example, "Who will never fight even when picked on?" The reliability (r > .85) and validity of this aggression measure and its the procedures for administration have been discussed elsewhere (Butcher, 1965;Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971;Walder, Abelson, Eron, Hanta, & Laulicht, 1961). In the 3rd grade the peer nomination technique, including 10 aggression items, was administered to classroom groups.…”

“…Similarly, in a follow-up study of parolled prisoners whose postrelease behavior was classified as acceptable or unacceptable, the MMPI 49 code type was heavily represented among the unacceptable group (Jacobson & Wirt, 1969). Butcher (1965) found that highly aggressive boys (based on peer nominations) had significant elevations on Scales 4 and 9. These boys responded in a rebellious and excitable manner in interpersonal situations, whereas the lowaggressive boys tended to internalize their conflicts, which were then manifested in hypochondriacal symptoms and withdrawal.…”

The primary and secondary sociopathic personality: Differences in frequency and severity of antisocial behavior.

“…Investigators have distinguished between primary and secondary sociopaths on the basis of a number of laboratory findings. For instance, Butcher (1965) found that primary sociopaths aggress more frequently than their secondary counterparts. However, conclusions from this and similar studies have been based on comparative response patterns of these individuals on laboratory dependent measures and not on actual behaviors emitted in realistic situations.…”

Psychopathology and sociometric choice.

“…Regarding the significant relationships between code types and positive sociometric choices, it may be that certain personalities tend to cluster together or seek each other out within the confines of the hospital. The 489 code type reflects what has been termed the "excitor scales," and has been linked to juvenile delinquency (Hathaway & Monachesi, 1953, 1957 and to high aggressiveness among eighth-grade boys (Butcher, 1965). These previous studies have not necessarily found their Ss to have this same code type, but they have found their delinquent or aggressive Ss to peak on these scales.…”