Sum of MMPI Scales F, 4, and 9 as a measure of aggression.

Huesmann, L. Rowell; Lefkowitz, Monroe M.; Eron, Leonard D.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.5.1071

Cited by 72 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this connection, it is interesting that one of the very few studies to show a reversal of the usual sex difference in overt aggression involved samples of juvenile offenders. Huesmann et al [1978] found a large difference in the scores on an aggression scale derived from the MMPI, which had shown the usual direction of sex difference in a community sample, and which had been validated against peer reports. Such findings might usefully be linked to Campbell's [1995] evolutionary analysis of young women's aggression, which emphasized its accentuation at younger ages and where competition is accentuated through resources being scarce.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Beliefs about aggression among male and female prisoners

Archer

Haigh

1997

Aggr. Behav.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Beliefs about aggression among male and female prisoners

Archer

Haigh

1997

Aggr. Behav.

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“…Selfratings included the sum of MMPI scales 4, 9, and F, which previous research (Huesmann, Lefkowitz, & Eron, 1978) has indicated is a reliable and valid measure of overt aggression. Ratings by the spouse of the subject's aggression included behavior directed toward him or her by the subject.…”

Section: Later Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggression and Its Correlates over 22 Years

Eron

Huesmann

Dubow

et al. 1987

Applied Clinical Psychology

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It is apparent from the varied substance of the chapters in this book that aggression is an overdetermined behavior. There are genetic, constitutional, and environmental factors as well as individual learning history and specific situational events which go into determining whether a person will act in an aggressive manner at any specific time. However, the large number of possible determinants does not mean that aggressive behavior cannot be predicted or explained. Research that my colleagues and I have been doing indicates, in fact, that aggressive behavior is consistent over time and across situations despite the fact that a number of factors contribute to the behavior in varying degrees.In 1960, we completed a survey of all the third-grade school children in a semi-rural county in New York State. This included approximately 870 youngsters whose modal age at the time was 8 years. We also interviewed 80% of their mothers and fathers. The focus of our procedures was the aggressive behavior of the subjects as manifested in school. Our purpose was to delineate the learning conditions for aggression, and therefore we collected information about the presumed psychological and social antecedents and correlates of aggressive behavior. Most of the findings of this phase of the study have been published, and they indicate that many children learn to be more or less aggressive from interactions with the environment (Eron, Walder, & Lefkowitz, 1971).

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“…The subject's aggression was measured by the sum of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales F, 4, and 9, which previous research (Huesmann, Lefkowitz, & Eron, 1978) has indicated is a reliable and valid measure of overt aggression (retest reliability = .87). For example, the sum of MMPI scales F, 4, and 9 has been shown to distinguish significantly between delinquent and nondelinquent teenagers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intellectual functioning and aggression.

Huesmann¹,

Eron²,

Yarmel³

1987

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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148

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In a 22-year study, data were collected on aggressiveness and intellectual functioning in more than 600 subjects, their parents, and their children. Both aggression and intellectual functioning are reasonably stable in a subject's lifetime and perpetuate themselves across generations and within marriage pairs. Aggression in childhood was shown to interfere with the development of intellectual functioning and to be predictive of poorer intellectual achievement as an adult. Early 1Q was related to early subject aggression but did not predict changes in aggression after age 8. On the other hand, differences between early IQ and intellectual achievement in middle adulthood were predictable from early aggressive behavior. A dual-process model was offered to explain the relation between intellectual functioning and aggressive behavior. We hypothesized that low intelligence makes the learning of aggressive responses more likely at an early age, and this aggressive behavior makes continued intellectual development more difficult.Aggression has been demonstrated to be a reasonably stable characteristic from childhood to middle adulthood (Eron, Huesmann, Dubow, Romanoff, & Yarmel, 1987; Huesmann, Eron, Lefkowitz, & Walder, 1984;Olweus, 1979). Furthermore, aggression is a characteristic that perpetuates itself within a family system. Aggressive people are more likely to marry aggressive spouses and raise aggressive children (Huesmann et ah, 1984). However, aggression cannot be considered in isolation from other developing behaviors and characteristics (Eron, 1982). In particular, one must consider the relation between aggression and intellectual functioning.A number of studies have revealed a relation between aggression and poor performance on standardized tests of intellectual ability (Burt, 1925;Caplan, 1965;Glueck & Glueck, 1950;Gordon, 1975;Merrill, 1947;Siebert, 1962). The level of intellectual functioning in delinquents generally falls within the lower half of the IQ distribution, with the average IQ of courtinvolved delinquents 10-12 points below the mean IQ of nondelinquents. This relation, however, may be somewhat inflated because bright delinquents may not be apprehended as often as delinquents of lower intellectual functioning. When the genders are examined separately, one usually finds the same degree of relation between intellectual functioning and delinquency in boys and girls (Jensen, 1980), though boys are much more aggressive on the average.Although socioeconomic factors affect both intellectual abilities and aggressiveness in a child, it has been shown that, indeThe research described here was supported by Grant MH-34410 to Leonard D. Eron and MH-38683 to L. Rowell Huesmann from the National Institute of Mental Health.This article is based on a presentation in the symposium "Consistency of Aggression and Its Correlates over Twenty Years" at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Anaheim, California, in August, 1983. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed...

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Sum of MMPI Scales F, 4, and 9 as a measure of aggression.

Cited by 72 publications

References 12 publications

Beliefs about aggression among male and female prisoners

Beliefs about aggression among male and female prisoners

Aggression and Its Correlates over 22 Years

Intellectual functioning and aggression.

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