Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic settings and land‐use change

Sasmito, S.D.; Sillanpää, Mériadec; Hayes, Matthew A.; Bachri, Samsul; Saragi-Sasmito, Meli F.; Sidik, Frida; Hanggara, B.; Mofu, Wolfram Y.; Rumbiak, V.I.; Hendri,; Taberima, Sartji; Suhaemi,; Nugroho, Julius Dwi; Pattiasina, Thomas Frans; Widagti, Nuryani; Barakalla,; Rahajoe, Joeni Setijo; Hartantri, Heru; Nikijuluw, Victor P.H.; Jowey, R.N.; Heatubun, Charlie D.; Ermgassen, Philine S. E. zu; Worthington, Thomas A.; Howard, Jennifer; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Friess, Daniel A.; Hutley, Lindsay B.; Murdiyarso, Daniel

doi:10.1111/gcb.15056

Cited by 94 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In contrast, the agricultural sector, such as dryland agriculture, mix dryland farms, gained from around 50% to 57% of the land cover area in Merauke Regency (Table 6), which is in agreement with the previous notion that agricultural development can be a threat to the sustainability of mangrove forest in Papua [46].Nevertheless, the mangrove environment can support ecological and economic services to neighborhood, society, and also in the country [65]. Another class of natural forest that suffered in terms of the percentage of change was primary swamp forest; this class lost area by around 40.95% during the study period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Papua Province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Indonesia, with a total area of about 31,509.162 ha and is noticed as a province with the most significant area. Papua and West Papua contribute to approximately 10% of the world mangrove area within various ecosystems [46]. In this study, the selected sago palm tree is scientifically known as Metroxylon sagu Rottb.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Land Cover Changes from 1990 to 2019 in Papua, Indonesia: Results of the Remote Sensing Imagery

Letsoin

Herák

Rahmawan³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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Long-term land cover changes play a significant driver of ecosystem and function of natural biodiversity. Hence, their analysis can be used for evaluating and supporting government plans, especially conservation and management of natural habitats such as sago palm. In Papua Province of Indonesia, sago palm has been stated as one of the priority plants in the Medium-Term Development Plan (R.P.J.M.). However, limited studies have examined this palm in one of the Regencies of Papua Province, namely, Merauke Regency. In this study, we performed remotely sensed data imagery and supervised classification to produce land cover maps from 1990 to 2019. During the study period, twenty-one land cover classes were identified. The six classes of the natural forest consist of primary dryland forest, secondary dryland forest, primary mangrove forest, secondary mangrove forest, primary swamp forest, and secondary swamp forest; thus, fifteen classes of non-forested area. Concerning the sago palm habitat, our study evaluated two different categories (1) based on the land cover scheme from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and (2) according to the peatland land cover ecosystem in Papua. Based on paired samples t-test, the result indicated statistically significant changes specifically at primary dryland (p-value = 0.015), grassland (p-value = 0.002) and swamp (p-value = 0.007). Twelve from 20 districts of Merauke Regency tend to lose the forecasted natural habitat of the sago palm. Therefore, this study suggests the further need to recognize and estimate the yield of sago palm area in these various ecosystems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Land Cover Changes from 1990 to 2019 in Papua, Indonesia: Results of the Remote Sensing Imagery

Letsoin

Herák

Rahmawan³

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…First, the secondary carbon stocks data obtained in 2010 from Sembilang National Park mangroves [29] may not be similar with the ones in ATPF, particularly when we these data were to estimate stocks back in 1985 and 2010 (e.g., space for time substitution approach). Second, mangrove carbon stocks and fluxes are highly varied toward spatial hydrogeomorphic setting and temporal variability, respectively [52]. Estimating carbon stocks and emissions should therefore carefully consider the spatial replication of field sampling.…”

Section: Carbon Emissions and Their Implication For Land Management Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Drivers of Mangrove Loss and Associated Carbon Emissions in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Eddy

Milantara

Sasmito

et al. 2021

Forests

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The Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) is one of the most dynamic and essential coastal forest landscapes in South Sumatra, Indonesia, because of its location between multiple river outlets, including the Musi catchment—Sumatra’s largest and most dense lowland catchment area. While most ATPF areas are covered by mangroves, these areas have been experiencing severe anthropogenic-driven degradation and conversion. This study aims to evaluate land cover changes and associated carbon emissions in the ATPF over a 35-year period (1985–2020) by utilizing the available Landsat and Sentinel imagery from 1985, 2000, and 2020. Throughout the analysis period, we observed 63% (from 10,886 to 4059 ha) primary and secondary forest loss due to land use change. We identified three primary anthropogenic activities driving these losses, namely, land clearing for plantations and agriculture (3693 ha), coconut plantations (3315 ha), aquaculture (245 ha). We estimated that the largest carbon emissions were caused by coconut plantation conversion, with total carbon emissions of approximately 14.14 Mt CO2-eq. These amounts were almost 4 and 21 times higher than emissions from land clearing and aquaculture, respectively, as substantial soil carbon loss occurs once mangroves get transformed into coconut plantations. While coconut plantation expansion on mangroves could generate significant carbon stock losses and cleared forests become the primary candidate for restoration, our dataset could be useful for future land-based emission reduction policy intervention at a subnational level. Ultimately, our findings have direct implications for current national climate policies, through low carbon development strategies and emission reductions from the land use sector for 2030, as outlined in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).

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“…Dead plant matter is rich in the lignocellulose complex, which is more resistant to break down than marine-generated particulate organic matter, particularly under anoxic conditions in sediments (Cragg et al, 2020). Part of the forest detritus and almost all subterranean roots are retained, accounting for the exceptionally high carbon sequestration capacity of mangrove wetlands, particularly in New Guinea (Sasmito et al, 2020). An estimated 1.7 × 109 kg a −1 of the organic carbon, derived from the vascular plants and plankton of the mangroves, is exported through the Fly delta to the Gulf of Papua and the Coral Sea Robertson and (Alongi, 1995).…”

Section: Coastal Wetlands Of Oceaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

et al. 2020

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Coastal wetlands, such as saltmarshes and mangroves that fringe transitional waters, deliver important ecosystem services that support human development. Coastal wetlands are complex social-ecological systems that occur at all latitudes, from polar regions to the tropics. This overview covers wetlands in five continents. The wetlands are of varying size, catchment size, human population and stages of economic development. Economic sectors and activities in and around the coastal wetlands and their catchments exert multiple, direct pressures. These pressures affect the state of the wetland environment, ecology and valuable ecosystem services. All the coastal wetlands were found to be affected in some ways, irrespective of the conservation status. The main economic sectors were agriculture, animal rearing including aquaculture, fisheries, tourism, urbanization, shipping, industrial development and mining. Specific human activities include land reclamation, damming, draining and water extraction, construction of ponds for aquaculture and salt extraction, construction of ports and marinas, dredging, discharge of effluents from urban and industrial areas and logging, in the case of mangroves, subsistence hunting and oil and gas extraction. The main pressures were loss of wetland habitat, changes in connectivity affecting hydrology and sedimentology, as well as contamination and pollution. These pressures lead to changes in environmental state, such as erosion, subsidence and hypoxia that threaten the sustainability of the wetlands. There are also changes in the state of the ecology, such as loss of saltmarsh plants and seagrasses, and mangrove trees, in tropical wetlands. Changes in the structure and function of the wetland ecosystems affect ecosystem

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Mangrove blue carbon stocks and dynamics are controlled by hydrogeomorphic settings and land‐use change

Cited by 94 publications

References 51 publications

Land Cover Changes from 1990 to 2019 in Papua, Indonesia: Results of the Remote Sensing Imagery

Land Cover Changes from 1990 to 2019 in Papua, Indonesia: Results of the Remote Sensing Imagery

Anthropogenic Drivers of Mangrove Loss and Associated Carbon Emissions in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Anthropogenic, Direct Pressures on Coastal Wetlands

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