Mandibular fractures at veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Garhwal region, Uttarakhand, India: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background:Mandibular fractures constitute a substantial proportion of cases of maxillofacial trauma. Demographic data related to mandibular fractures are difficult to evaluate because of many variables associated with the studies. The information is as diverse as the countries and the people who inhabit them.Aim:This is a retrospective study designed to determine the site distribution, associated fracture and causes of mandibular fractures in patients presenting to the trauma centre of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Medical Science and Research Institute, Uttarakhand, India.Materials and Methods:Records of 121 patients with confirmed mandibular fractures presenting over a three year period (i.e., 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2010). Data obtained from record included age, sex, site of fracture and causes.Results:There were 48/121 (39.6%) males and 73/121 (60.3%) females. The most predominant age group of fracture was found to be 21-30 (53/121-43.8%) followed by 11-20 (25/121-20.6%). In this study history of fall was the most common cause of mandibular fracture (66/121-54.5%), followed by road traffic accidents (45/121-37.1%), fights and assault (08/121-6.6%) and industrial accidents (02/121-1.6%). In our study most of the patients suffered from fracture in the parasymphysis (35/139-25.1%) and angle region (32/139-23.0%) followed by body (30/139-21.5%), condyle (21/139-15.1%), symphysis (19/139-13.7%), and ramus (02/121-1.4%) area.Conclusion:In this study mandibular fractures were more prevalent in females especially during the second and third decade of life. History of fall was the most predominant cause of mandibular fracture. The most frequently affected sites were parasymphysis and angle.

Incidence, Aetiology and Pattern of Mandibular Fractures in Pondicherry

“…The incidence of mandibular fracture in our study increased with increasing age from 0 to 30 years, and then relatively decreased from 31 years of age. This finding correlates with the finding by Mittal et al 9 and Natu et al 10 Lesser occurrence of fracture in 0 to 10 year group is mainly attributed to good parental care prevents them from serious injuries and the elastic nature of bone makes them less prone to fracture. 10 The incidence of mandible fractures is increased in adulthood due to more active participation in vehicle driving, interpersonal violence, contact sports, alcohol abuse, social and cultural activities.…”

Five-Year Analysis of Mandible Fracture and its Associated Factors

“…This is also the most common cause of mandibular fracture in the studies of other countries [1,6,9,[20][21][22][23][24]. Intentional injury and falls were the second common causes of mandibular fracture in the present study; in contrast to other studies which had shown falls [10,25] or intentional injury/violence [8,11,16,17] as the most common. The difference in the main cause of injury is largely dependent on the cities where studied were conducted, as well as, the population.…”

A 5-year audit of major maxillofacial surgeries at Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital, Nigeria

“…Also, Gassner et al reported maxillary fractures to be the most frequently diagnosed in their study [ 27 ]. Mandibular fractures are believed to occur frequently because of its prominence [ 28 , 29 ].…”