Mandibular fractures are commonest during the third decade of life and in men, with almost half of the cases due to of road traffic crashes. RTC was the leading cause of mandibular fractures in all age groups. Motorcycle-related mandibular fractures seem to be increasing in Nigeria. There is a need to enforce legislation designed to prevent RTC to reduce maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria.

Aim:The study was designed to explore the changes in oral health-related quality of life (QoL) in the immediate postoperative period following routine (non-surgical) dental extraction.Setting and Design:A prospective study carried out at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:Subjects attending who required non-surgical removal of one or two teeth under local anesthesia were included in the study. A baseline QoL questionnaire (oral health impact profile-14 [OHIP-14]) was filled by each patient just before surgery, and only those who were considered to have their QoL “not affected” (total score 14 or less) were included in the study. After the extraction, each subject was given a modified form of “health related QoL” [OHIP-14]-instrument to be completed by the 3rd day-after surgery, and were given the opportunity to review the questionnaire on the 7th day postoperative review.Results:Total OHIP-14 scores ranged between 14 and 48 (mean ± SD, 26.2 ± 8.3). Majority of the subjects (60%) reported, “a little affected.” Only few subjects (5.8%) reported, “not at all affected,” and about 32% reported, “quite a lot.” Summation of OHIP-14 scores revealed that QoL was “affected” in 41 subjects (34.2%) and “not affected” in 79 subjects (65.8%). More than 30% of subjects reported that their ability to chew, ability to open the mouth and enjoyment of food were affected following tooth extraction. Few subjects (14-34%) reported deterioration in their speech and less than 20% of subjects reported that change in their appearance was “affected.” Only few subjects (12.5-15.1%) reported sleep and duty impairment. Thirty-percent of subjects reported their inability to keep social activities, and 41% were not able to continue with their favorite sports and hobbies. Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant association between age, sex, indications for extraction, duration of extraction, intra-operative complications, and deterioration in QoL (P < 0.05). Consumption of analgesics beyond postoperative day 1 (POD1) was more common in subjects with socket healing complications than those without (P = 0.000). About 33% of subjects reported, “inability to work” (1-3 days).Conclusion:About a third of subjects experienced significant deterioration in QoL. The most affected domains were eating/diet variation and speech variation. Therefore, patients should be informed of possible deterioration in their QoL following non-surgical tooth extraction.

The fact that 25.7% of those treated were aged >1 year suggests a continued need to enlighten the public on the availability of cleft lip and palate expertise and treatment. Although an overall good treatment outcome was demonstrated in this study, the nasal score was poorer than the lip score. Complication rate of about 14% following surgical repair is consistent with previous reports in the literature.

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to classify the various types of odontogenic tumours (OTs) using the newly updated 2017 world health organization (WHO) histological typing and to analyze the prevalence of these tumours among Nigerians as well as to compare the results obtained with reports from world-wide studies.Material and MethodsThe records of four major tertiary hospitals in Nigeria were reviewed over a 12-year (2004-2015) period. Lesions diagnosed as odontogenic tumours were classified into four groups according to the 2017 WHO histological typing. Data which consisted of age, sex and site were analyzed using SPSS for Window (version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) and frequency tables were computed.ResultsA total of 582 OTs were recorded and reviewed, benign OTs were 573 (98.5%) cases and malignant OTs were 9 (1.5%) cases. Of the benign OTs, the epithelial OTs were the commonest (500; 86%) while the benign mixed OTs were the least frequent (21; 3.6%). The mean age was 30±14 years (age range of 3–77years) and the peak age was in the third decade (197; 33.8%) of life. There was slight male gender and strong mandibular site predilection. Ameloblastoma, was the most frequent OT and it accounted for 75.5% of the OTs, followed by adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (8.1%) and odontogenic myxoma (7.2%). Malignant OTs accounted for 1.5% of the OTs.ConclusionsOTs show a geographic variation with tendency for prevalence of the epithelial OTs in Africa. Ameloblastoma has a high prevalence among Nigerians and is the most common OTs in Africa. Prevalence of odontoma is relatively low in developing African countries like Nigeria when compared to the prevalence in developed countries. Key words:Odontogenic tumours, WHO classification, Nigerians.