Management of the Energy Mix and Emissivity of Individual Economies in the European Union as a Challenge of the Modern World Climate

Abstract

The aim of the article is to present the most important elements to be implemented in the European Union energy policy in the 2030 perspective in the context of sustainable development of the Member States. The solution to the too high emissivity of individual economies in the European Union is the energy mix, which will establish a compromise in the so-called the triad of EU policy goals. This is undoubtedly a current climate challenge for the modern world, which also has a direct impact on the economic situation of EU countries. The basis of the presented considerations and recommendations is a literature review on the subject and a statistical analysis of empirical data of the largest statistical organizations in the EU and the world. The starting point for the analysis is the assessment of the state of the energy sector in the EU. Therefore, the goals and tasks until 2030 result from many conditions of the energy sector. The article provides recommendations for the EU on future climate and energy policy, analysing the practices of member countries empirical and data compiled by the world’s largest organizations and institutions, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Nuclear Association (WNA), Eurostat, and the International Energy Agency (IEA). The strategic goals of the EU climate and energy policy presented in the study show the necessary challenges for the implementation of sustainable development in the analyzed sector, which is the driving force of world economies. The conclusions were presented in accordance with the current economic efficiency of various energy sources and the necessity to seek a compromise among the so-called a triad of goals defined in EU policy.

The Current Picture of the Transition to a Green Economy in the EU—Trends in Climate and Energy Policy versus State Security

“…Despite the provisions that the Union will "fully use the available instruments to improve cooperation with energy suppliers", in practice there is no EU policy towards external countries, and negotiations are conducted at the level of individual countries or possibly several countries interested in a specific goal, often contrary to the interests of other EU Member States. The approach of the European Commission itself to the issue of the common energy policy raises many doubts [77]. In its proposals, the EC focuses on issues related to competition in the internal market and climate change and does not provide answers on how to meet equally important, or even more important, challenges faced by the EU Member States, e.g., dependence on imported oil and gas or conducting common policy towards Russia.…”

“…There will be "funnels" (Figure 14) that Russia will be able to use in political conflicts, for example, by interrupting gas supplies to Central and Eastern Europe. The geopolitical situation and EU external policy, including the implementation of strategic infrastructure projects, will have a fundamental impact on the energy market and possible solutions to many energy and climate challenges that have a direct impact on the functioning of basic areas of life [68,77]. So far, the EU has tried to solve the problem of growing dependence by persuading Russia to ratify the Energy Charter, in par- The geopolitical situation and EU external policy, including the implementation of strategic infrastructure projects, will have a fundamental impact on the energy market and possible solutions to many energy and climate challenges that have a direct impact on the functioning of basic areas of life [68,77].…”

Autonomous Energy Regions as a Proposed Choice of Selecting Selected EU Regions—Aspects of Their Creation and Management

“…It was stated that producing energy for its own use, from their own natural resources, supported by renewable energy sources, would not only make it possible to reduce the costs of obtaining this energy, but also would contribute to economic growth and a reduction in CO 2 emissions, thus, contribute toward improving atmospheric air. The idea proved to be a success, not only in the field of energy, but also towards forming a network of links and cooperation between the people of science as originators and the local government-in this case, the Gussing municipality (being charismatic and forward-thinking) [32,33].…”

Macroeconomic Policy versus Fuel Poverty in Poland—Support or Barrier

“…In Poland, this problem concerns mainly electricity, which experienced a 26.3% increase in prices in the national currency for households in 2020-2021 alone, according to Eurostat data (Band DB) [1]. Energy and climate policies play an increasingly important role in the socio-economic policies of the Member States of the European Union (EU) and in the decisions of EU institutions [2][3][4]. This is due to climate change and the increase in public climate awareness, as well as the increase in demand for energy carriers, especially electricity and gas [5].…”