Management of soil organic matter in semiarid Africa for annual cropping systems

Ganry, Francis; Feller, Christian; Harmand, Jean‐Michel; Guibert, Hervé

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2172-1_11

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Consequently, effective recycling of crop residues and other organic amendments/manures are essential to sustainable land use in SSA (Kapkiyoi et al, 1999;Diels et al, 2001;Bationo and Buerkert, 2001). There is an urgent need to improve the management of all types of SOM input in soils of SSA (Ganry et al, 2001), in conjunction with crop rotations and judicious input of nitrogenous fertilizers (Bationo and Ntare 2000).…”

Section: Soil Organic Matter Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic agriculture and climate change

Scialabba

Müller-Lindenlauf

2010

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

307

105

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This article discusses the mitigation and adaptation potential of organic agricultural systems along three main features: farming system design, cropland management and grassland and livestock management. An important potential contribution of organically managed systems to climate change mitigation is identified in the careful management of nutrients and, hence, the reduction of N2O emissions from soils. Another high mitigation potential of organic agriculture lies in carbon sequestration in soils. In a first estimate, the emission reduction potential by abstention from mineral fertilizers is calculated to be about 20% and the compensation potential by carbon sequestration to be about 40–72% of the world's current annual agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but further research is needed to consolidate these numbers. On the adaptation side, organic agriculture systems have a strong potential for building resilient food systems in the face of uncertainties, through farm diversification and building soil fertility with organic matter. Additionally, organic agriculture offers alternatives to energy-intensive production inputs such as synthetic fertilizers which are likely to be further limited for poor rural populations by rising energy prices. In developing countries, organic agricultural systems achieve equal or even higher yields, as compared to the current conventional practices, which translate into a potentially important option for food security and sustainable livelihoods for the rural poor in times of climate change. Certified organic products cater for higher income options for farmers and, therefore, can serve as promoters for climate-friendly farming practices worldwide.

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Section: Soil Organic Matter Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic agriculture and climate change

Scialabba

Müller-Lindenlauf

2010

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

307

105

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“…Confining animals helps produce organic fertiliser in significant quantities, by facilitating manure collection. Some farmers add bedding material and feed leftovers to the pen or animal shed (Landais and Gué rin, 1992;Landais and Lhoste, 1993;Ganry et al, 2001), which further increases the quantity and nutrient content of manure, as nutrients in urine are trapped by the litter. Household compost may be produced in pits near the homestead area on the basis of animal faeces, feed and crop residues, and domestic waste (Ganry et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

118

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Ongoing intensification and specialisation of livestock production lead to increasing volumes of manure to be managed, which are a source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O result from a multitude of microbial activities in the manure environment. Their relative importance depends not only on manure composition and local management practices with respect to treatment, storage and field application, but also on ambient climatic conditions. The diversity of livestock production systems, and their associated manure management, is discussed on the basis of four regional cases (Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China and Europe) with increasing levels of intensification and priorities with respect to nutrient management and environmental regulation. GHG mitigation options for production systems based on solid and liquid manure management are then presented, and potentials for positive and negative interactions between pollutants, and between management practices, are discussed. The diversity of manure properties and environmental conditions necessitate a modelling approach for improving estimates of GHG emissions, and for predicting effects of management changes for GHG mitigation, and requirements for such a model are discussed. Finally, we briefly discuss drivers for, and barriers against, introduction of GHG mitigation measures for livestock production. There is no conflict between efforts to improve food and feed production, and efforts to reduce GHG emissions from manure management. Growth in livestock populations are projected to occur mainly in intensive production systems where, for this and other reasons, the largest potentials for GHG mitigation may be found.Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, storage, treatment, farm model ImplicationsLivestock manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as methane and nitrous oxide. GHG emissions are biogenic and regulated by manure characteristics, and therefore emissions can be manipulated via handling, treatment and storage conditions. Globally, livestock production systems vary widely, and this is also true for GHG mitigation potentials, but generally efforts to conserve nutrients in manure for crop production will also reduce GHG emissions. Future growth in livestock production is projected to occur mainly in confined animal feeding operations, which also appear to have the greatest potential for GHG mitigation. IntroductionSince the mid 20th century, there has been a growing pressure on land resources for production of food and feed for livestock and, increasingly, crops for energy production (Hoogwijk et al., 2005). To fulfil the demand for meat, milk and eggs, livestock production in developing countries is expanding, especially in peri-urban areas (Gerber et al., 2005), and worldwide becomes more specialised (Steinfeld et al., 2006). In consequence of these trends, increasing volumes of livestock manure are produced, which are a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing t...

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“…Esses resultados mostram que as recuperações dos nutrientes do esterco podem variar muito e que às vezes ultrapassam 100 %, indicando efeito na disponibilização dos nutrientes do solo. Variações grandes na eficiência de uso do esterco bovino são esperadas porque ele pode ter composições muito diferentes, dependendo da alimentação dos animais e da forma como ele é recolhido, tratado e armazenado (Delve et al, 2001;Ganry et al, 2001). O aumento na disponibilização do P do solo tem sido atribuído ao decréscimo na fixação e, ou, adsorção do P nativo (Reddy et al, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A incorporação ao solo de restos vegetais também tem longa tradição na agricultura (Ladd et al, 1983;Sampaio & Salcedo, 1993;Ganry et al, 2001;Gava et al, 2005). Inúmeros trabalhos já foram escritos sobre essas duas práticas, entretanto, são poucas as informações sobre a eficiência com que os nutrientes dos adubos orgânicos são usados pelas culturas (Delve et al, 2001;Salazar et al, 2005;Blaise et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Eficiência da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino e com Egeria densa

Sampaio

Oliveira

Nascimento

2007

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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RESUMOInformações sobre a eficiência de uso dos nutrientes aplicados na adubação orgânica são ainda escassas. As recuperações aparentes dos nutrientes aplicados como esterco bovino e como restos de Egeria densa foram comparadas. Grande massa de egéria é retirada dos lagos do sistema hidrelétrico de Paulo Afonso e seu descarte tem sido problemático. Foram feitos cinco plantios consecutivos de milho, por 45 dias cada, em casa de vegetação, após aplicação única de doses equivalentes a 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 Mg ha -1 de matéria seca. As adições de egéria e de esterco bovino aumentaram as quantidades de fitomassa seca e os conteúdos de N, P e K das plantas, de forma proporcional às doses aplicadas, porém o efeito da egéria foi 3 a 10 vezes maior que o do esterco, exceto quanto ao P, que foi semelhante. Os incrementos com a egéria começaram desde o primeiro plantio, e os do esterco, só no terceiro. No quinto plantio, ambos foram muito pequenos. A eficiência de recuperação dos nutrientes aplicados foi maior quando se utilizaram restos de egéria (N, 34-39 e 7-22 %; P, 47-103 e 9-11 %; e K, 55-76 e 26-34 %, respectivamente), mas, mesmo com a egéria, sobraram nutrientes no solo, que foram absorvidos em pequena proporção no quinto plantio. A liberação de nutrientes dos restos de egéria é mais rápida que no esterco bovino, e seu aproveitamento como adubo orgânico é recomendável. Termos de indexação: fertilizante orgânico, planta aquática, incorporação ao solo, nutrientes(1) Parte do projeto de pesquisa: Estudo do ecossistema dos reservatórios do sistema hidroelétrico de Paulo Afonso e Itaparica (Terceira Etapa). Recebido para publicação em abril de 2006 e aprovado em maio de 2007.

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Management of soil organic matter in semiarid Africa for annual cropping systems

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Organic agriculture and climate change

Organic agriculture and climate change

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Eficiência da adubação orgânica com esterco bovino e com Egeria densa

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