Management of Crown and Root Rot Diseases in Strawberry Commercial Fields in Egypt

Abstract

Surveyed strawberry fields at three different districts (Abo Swar, EL-Kassasin and El-Manayef) in Ismailia Governorate during 2014-2016 growing seasons showed that 13 fungal species belonging to 13 genera were isolated from infected roots, runners and crowns segments of strawberry plants. The most frequent isolated fungi were; Macrophomina phaseolina (53.33%) and Colletotrichum acutatum (33.33%). These two pathogenic fungi were used in this study. Biological and chemical control experiments were conducted and significant differences in diseases incidence (DI%) and disease severity (DS%) were found among treatments of bioagents and chemical fungicides compared with control treatments. DI and DS percentages reached 0% when Bacillus subtilis or Rizolex were applied in plots of artificial infested soil with M. phaseolina and C. acutatum. Trichoderma harzianum occupied the second rank after B. subtilis, Rizolex (15 and 7.4% for DI) for M. phaseolina , (10 and 6.5% for DS)for C. acutatum, T. viride (16 and 16% for DI), (26 and 11% for DS) and Streptomyces canescens (20 and 21% for DI), (25 and 26% for DS), respectively. Moreover; Rizolex gave best results in pathogens control more than Topsin-M fungicide. In field experiment; the effect of soil disinfection using three treatments; two fumigants (Methyl bromide and Agrocelhone) and solar heating solarization applied on two strawberry cultivars (Festival and N-70) during 2015 and 2016 seasons were studied. Soil fumigation with Agrocelhone™ compound and Methyl bromide (MB) led to the best results for soil disinfection on both Festival and N70 Strawberry cultivars during two seasons. Percentage DI and DS of crown and root rot diseases occurred were (9.4, 9.0%) and (8.4, 7.5%) for both cultivars, respectively in 2015 it was very low (2.9, 3.0%) and (2.5 and 3.0%); respectively when applied again in 2016.

Macrophomina phaseolina–host interface: Insights into an emerging dry root rot pathogen of mungbean and urdbean, and its mitigation strategies

“…Different groups of chemical fungicides have been used for control of root rot of castor (Parmar et al, 2017), cotton (Lambhate et al, 2002), guar (Jaiman & Jain, 2010), charcoal rot in groundnut (Moradia & Khandar 2011), melon wilt (Cohan et al, 2012), and crown and root rot in strawberry (El‐Marzoky et al, 2018) caused by M . phaseolina .…”

Silver oxide nanostructures as a new trend to control strawberry charcoal rot induced by Macrophomina phaseolina

“…In Egypt, strawberry is infected with many pathogens that lead to their destruction. In Egypt and Australia, a large number of fungal pathogens have been found and isolated from strawberry crowns and/or roots, including Cylindrocarpon destuctans , Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium oxysporum , Pythium ultimum , Phytophthora cactorum , Phoma exigua and Macrophomina phaseolina 3–5 . Soilborne diseases damage strawberry plants, reducing output and quality, and lead to symptoms such as collar, charcoal, stem, root and crown rot in economically important crops 6 .…”

“…In Egypt and Australia, a large number of fungal pathogens have been found and isolated from strawberry crowns and/or roots, including Cylindrocarpon destuctans, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora cactorum, Phoma exigua and Macrophomina phaseolina. [3][4][5] Soilborne diseases damage strawberry plants, reducing output and quality, and lead to symptoms such as collar, charcoal, stem, root and crown rot in economically important crops. 6 Charcoal rot is one of the most serious diseases affecting strawberry and is a major cause of problems in productivity, both in Egypt and the rest of the world.…”

“…Soilborne diseases damage strawberry plants, reducing output and quality, and lead to symptoms such as collar, charcoal, stem, root and crown rot in economically important crops 6 . Charcoal rot is one of the most serious diseases affecting strawberry and is a major cause of problems in productivity, both in Egypt and the rest of the world 4,5,7 . Macrophomina phaseolina is a soilborne fungus that causes symptoms such as wilting of foliage, stunting of plant growth, and the drying and death of older leaves; the youngest leaves in the center of the plant often remain green and alive.…”

Effect of Plastic Mulching on Strawberry Fruit Yield and Quality

“…In Egypt, Ismalia, Beheira, and Qaluobia are the three main governorates that grow and produce strawberry (Abdelgawad 2019). Ismailia leads strawberry production because of its suitable climate conditions which result in a high strawberry productivity and extended harvest time for about six months around the year (El-Marzoky et al 2018;Essa 2015). The less favorable climate conditions of Assiut governorate has limited its contribution in strawberry production (Mohamed et al 2017).…”