Management of Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Lindhardsen, Jesper; Kristensen, Søren Lund; Ahlehoff, Ole

doi:10.1007/s40256-015-0141-4

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…The role of chronic inflammation in progression of CVD and CMD has been highlighted in a number of studies (reviewed in Hansson et al (2015) and Lindhardsen et al (2015)) and circulating EVs are increased in many inflammatory conditions (e.g., (Joop et al 2001, Daniel et al 2006, Suades et al 2015). Their role in propagation of endothelial pro-inflammatory cascades is also increasingly recognized and was first described by Mesri and Altieri.…”

Section: The Role Of Evs In Diabetes and Metabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lawson¹,

Vicencio²,

Yellon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

285

241

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The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the number of publications referring to extracellular vesicles (EVs). For many years considered to be extracellular debris, EVs are now seen as novel mediators of endocrine signalling via cell-to-cell communication.With the capability of transferring proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, they have become an attractive focus of research for different pathological settings and are now regarded as both mediators and biomarkers of disease including cardio-metabolic disease. They also offer therapeutic potential as signalling agents capable of targeting tissues or cells with specific peptides or miRNAs. In this review, we focus on the role that microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes, the two most studied classes of EV, have in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathies, and polycystic ovary syndrome. We also provide an overview of current developments in MV/exosome isolation techniques from plasma and other fluids, comparing different available commercial and non-commercial methods. We describe different techniques for their optical/biochemical characterization and quantitation. We also review the signalling pathways that exosomes and MVs activate in target cells and provide some insight into their use as biomarkers or potential therapeutic agents. In summary, we give an updated focus on the role that these exciting novel nanoparticles offer for the endocrine community.

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Section: The Role Of Evs In Diabetes and Metabolic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles and exosomes: new players in metabolic and cardiovascular disease

Lawson¹,

Vicencio²,

Yellon³

et al. 2016

Journal of Endocrinology

285

241

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therapeutics used in these patients may account for some of these complications that arise in late life, but there is likely also a contribution from the underling disease. OS and inflammation are well-characterized in SLE and are also major contributors to cardiovascular disease and renal disease ( 36 , 37 ). Results here show that A(1-7), NorLeu and ARBs, not ACE-Is, are able to reduce OS stress in the kidney, perhaps leading to reduced tissue injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Protective Arm of the Renin-Angiotensin System to Reduce Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Related Pathologies in MRL-lpr Mice

et al. 2020

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Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) suffer from a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that results from the body's immune system targeting healthy tissues which causes damage to various organ systems. Patients with lupus are still in need of effective therapies to treat this complex, multi-system disease. Because polymorphisms in ACE are associated with the activity of SLE and lupus nephritis and based on well-documented renal-protective effects of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS)-modifying therapies, ACE-I are now widely used in patients with SLE with significant efficacy. Our research explores alternate ways of modifying the RAS as a potential for systemic therapeutic benefit in the MRL -lpr mouse model of SLE. These therapeutics include; angiotensin (1-7) [A(1-7)], Nor-Leu-3 Angiotensin (1-7) (NorLeu), Losartan (ARB), and Lisinopril (ACE-I). Daily systemic treatment with all of these RAS-modifying therapies significantly reduced the onset and intensity in rash formation and swelling of the paw. Further, histology showed a corresponding decrease in hyperkeratosis and acanthosis in skin sections. Important immunological parameters such as decreased circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies, lymph node size, and T cell activation were observed. As expected, the development of glomerular pathologies was also attenuated by RAS-modifying therapy. Improved number and health of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as well as reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation may be contributing to the reduction in SLE pathologies. Several studies have already characterized the protective role of ACE-I and ARBs in mouse models of SLE, here we focus on the protective arm of RAS. A(1-7) in particular demonstrates several protective effects that go beyond those seen with ACE-Is and ARBs; an important finding considering that ACE-Is and ARBs are teratogenic and can cause hypotension in this population. These results offer a foundation for further pharmaceutical development of RAS-modifying therapies, that target the protective arm, as novel SLE therapeutics that do not rely on suppressing the immune system.

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“…36 Moreover inhibiting inflammation could benefit patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as RA, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases, and systemic lupus erythematosus that had been shown associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 37 AEs of conventional immunosuppressants include a relative risk of malignancy increased by 1.5 (mainly lymphoma, leukaemia, vesical neoplasia), increased risk of infection, medullar, adrenal, and gonadic insufficiency. 38 Moreover, each molecule has its own tissue toxicity.…”

Section: Immunosuppressive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%