The prognosis of the disease remains poor. However, the new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies may improve the diagnostic delay and the survival outcome.

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Susac syndrome is an occlusive arteriolar disease that provokes infarcts in the cochlea, retina, and brain of young subjects, mostly women. Its cause is unknown. Some infarcts may be asymptomatic and only revealed by ancillary investigation: 1) audiogram that shows bilateral sensorineural hearing loss predominating on low frequencies, 2) funduscopy and fluorescein retinal angiography demonstrating bilateral distal branch retinal artery occlusions, and 3) brain MRI T2-weighted images disclosing small multifocal hyperintensities in white and gray matter. Treatment options are not codified, ranging from antithrombotic drugs to immunomodulatory therapy. Course is self-limited after an active fluctuating phase. Dementia, blindness, and deafness are rare late sequelae, and half of patients return to normal life.

OCT is effective in detection of macular oedema. It allows determination of the distribution of fluid and quantification of retinal thickness particularly in patients with CMO. In these patients, a potential for vision recovery was also identified. DMO was associated with a poor visual prognosis and a poor prognosis for vision recovery. SRD is associated with a high probability of vision recovery when observed alone or underlying CMO eyes. It should be substracted from the central thickness measurement when attempting to correlate central thickness with vision in patients with macular oedema in uveitis.

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Manifestations of syphilitic uveitis in HIV-infected patients are multiple, with high frequencies of posterior uveitis, posterior placoid chorioretinitis, necrotizing retinitis and optic nerve involvement. Syphilitic uveitis in HIV-infected patients seems to have a more severe course and may relapse despite high-dose intravenous penicillin therapy.