Man as a Maker of New Plant Communities

Whitney, Gordon G.; Adams, Stanley D.

doi:10.2307/2402338

Cited by 112 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Such results can be communicated to the public using habitat structure as a focus because this concept provides a broad framework within which landscape management guidelines that aim to reduce the probability of disease exposure in urbanized ecosystems can be developed. During the process of urbanization, humans often remove native vegetation and replace it with wholly new combinations of plant species (including many non-native ones) that might not otherwise co-exist (Whitney and Adams 1980;Hope et al 2003;Thompson et al 2003;Martin et al 2004). A major frontier for urban soil ecology research lies in comparing the direct and indirect effects of heterogeneous urban plant communities (e.g., lawns, gardens) on soil organisms.…”

Section: Soil Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a small but growing body of aboveground-centered research has revealed that the structure of urban plant communities is significantly related to sociocultural variables such as household income and lifestyle behavior (Hope et al 2003;Martin et al 2004;Grove et al 2006). In other words, as Whitney and Adams (1980) stated, "Urban plant communities are as much a product of the cultural environment as they are a part of the physical landscape (p. 446)."…”

Section: Sociocultural Variables and Urban Soil Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Byrne

2007

Urban Ecosyst

112

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Habitat structure is defined as the composition and arrangement of physical matter at a location. Although habitat structure is the physical template underlying ecological patterns and processes, the concept is relatively unappreciated and underdeveloped in ecology. However, it provides a fundamental concept for urban ecology because human activities in urban ecosystems are often targeted toward management of habitat structure. In addition, the concept emphasizes the fine-scale, on-the-ground perspective needed in the study of urban soil ecology. To illustrate this, urban soil ecology research is summarized from the perspective of habitat structure effects. Among the key conclusions emerging from the literature review are: (1) habitat structure provides a unifying theme for multivariate research about urban soil ecology; (2) heterogeneous urban habitat structures influence soil ecological variables in different ways; (3) more research is needed to understand relationships among sociological variables, habitat structure patterns and urban soil ecology. To stimulate urban soil ecology research, a conceptual framework is presented to show the direct and indirect relationships among habitat structure and ecological variables. Because habitat structure serves as a physical link between sociocultural and ecological systems, it can be used as a focus for interdisciplinary and applied research (e.g., pest management) about the multiple, interactive effects of urbanization on the ecology of soils.

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Section: Soil Organismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sociocultural Variables and Urban Soil Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Byrne

2007

Urban Ecosyst

112

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“…Urban forest patches in our study area exhibited a rather depauperate bird assemblage relative to peri-urban forests in both 1998-2010 and 2010-2014. In fact, moderate urban development typically increases heterogeneity, but extreme development decreases heterogeneity and the availability of resources as they are permanently replaced with impervious surface and human infrastructure [38,[61][62][63][64]. This pattern results in an increase in species richness and diversity with moderate levels of urbanization and a decrease with higher levels [38].…”

Section: Temporal Changes Of the Effect Of Upufs Characteristics On Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variation of Ecological Factors Affecting Bird Species Richness in Urban and Peri-Urban Forests in a Changing Environment: A Case Study from Milan (Northern Italy)

Canedoli

Orioli

Padoa‐Schioppa

et al. 2017

Forests

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Urban and peri-urban forests determine different habitat services for biodiversity according to their characteristics. In this study, we relate ecological characteristics of urban and peri-urban forests to forest bird species richness and we assess whether their effect changed over time due to the urban sprawl within the urban region of Milan, Italy. We analyse two periods (1998-2002 and 2010-2014) using weighted generalized linear models that considered urban and peri-urban forests collectively and urban and peri-urban forests separately. Patch area, proximity to source areas and number of surrounding urban and peri-urban forests were the main factors predicting species richness within urban and peri-urban forests in both periods. While there were no differences in factors affecting bird richness in peri-urban forests between the two periods, the negative effect of urban matrix density was statistically significant for birds inhabiting urban forests in the second period. Moreover, protected areas within urban and peri-urban forests and urban forests in the second period were important determinants in providing suitable habitat for birds at the regional scale. This study offered important insights regarding urban and peri-urban forests characteristics that should be maintained to ensure biodiversity conservation across changing urban landscapes.

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“…For example, a study of vegetation in neighbourhoods in Chicago, Illinois, USA, related patterns of tree species richness to census tract block data for the neighbourhoods [5]. Research on street and yard trees [6] aimed to identify census and other socioeconomic predictors of species richness. Two urban maps of the city of Osnabrück, Germany [7], represented the socio-economic distribution 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Urban Green Spaces Based on Sentinel-2A: Case Studies from Slovakia

Kopecká

Szatmári

Rosina

2017

Land

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Urban expansion and its ecological footprint increases globally at an unprecedented scale and consequently, the importance of urban greenery assessment grows. The diversity and quality of urban green spaces (UGS) and human well-being are tightly linked, and UGS provide a wide range of ecosystem services (e.g., urban heat mitigation, stormwater infiltration, food security, physical recreation). Analyses and inter-city comparison of UGS patterns and their functions requires not only detailed information on their relative quantity but also a closer examination of UGS in terms of quality and land use, which can be derived from the land cover composition and spatial structure. In this study, we present an approach to UGS extraction from newly available Sentinel-2A satellite imagery, provided in the frame of the European Copernicus program. We investigate and map the spatial distribution of UGS in three cities in Slovakia: Bratislava, Žilina and Trnava. Supervised maximum likelihood classification was used to identify UGS polygons. Based on their function and physiognomy, each UGS polygon was assigned to one of the fifteen classes, and each class was further described by the proportion of tree canopy and its ecosystem services. Our results document that the substantial part of UGS is covered by the class Urban greenery in family housing areas (mainly including privately-owned gardens) with the class abundance between 17.7% and 42.2% of the total UGS area. The presented case studies showed the possibilities of semi-automatic extraction of UGS classes from Sentinel-2A data that may improve the transfer of scientific knowledge to local urban environmental monitoring and management.

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Man as a Maker of New Plant Communities

Cited by 112 publications

References 13 publications

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Habitat structure: A fundamental concept and framework for urban soil ecology

Temporal Variation of Ecological Factors Affecting Bird Species Richness in Urban and Peri-Urban Forests in a Changing Environment: A Case Study from Milan (Northern Italy)

Analysis of Urban Green Spaces Based on Sentinel-2A: Case Studies from Slovakia

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