Malnutrition, Poverty and Intellectual Development

Jl, Brown; Pollitt, Ernesto

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0296-38

Cited by 282 publications

(197 citation statements)

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“…1 Brain damage caused by malnutrition at an early age may be difficult to reverse, especially in impoverished settings where adequate stimulation in the home may be difficult to achieve. 16 Given the evidence for nutrition as an important predictor of head circumference and its significance for later cognitive performance [3][4][5][6][7] and the documented nutritional deficiencies in rural Nepal, 17,18 in the present study we use a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of micronutrient supplementation on head circumference in rural Nepali infants and children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on head circumference of Nepalese infants and toddlers: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of micronutrient supplementation on head circumference of rural Nepali infants and children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We used a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of micronutrient supplementation on head circumference in 569 rural Nepali infants and children aged 4-17 months. Children were randomized to: (1) zinc, (2) iron-folic acid, (3) zinc plus iron-folic acid or (4) a placebo group. Data on head circumference were collected during five visits at B3 month intervals over the course of a year. We calculated change in head circumference in treatment groups receiving zinc and iron comparing the first and fifth visits as well as used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to take advantage of data from all points in time. Models were adjusted for covariates unbalanced in the randomization and for baseline head circumference. RESULTS: Estimating differences in head circumference between baseline and visit 5, children in the zinc treatment group showed smaller decreases in head circumference z-score compared with placebo (adjusted b ¼ 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.03 to 0.23). Using GEE, zinc treatment was associated with 0.11 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.17) decrease in the rate of decline in head circumference z-score across visits as compared with placebo. Iron-folic acid supplementation was not associated with head circumference z-scores when comparing visits 1 with 5 or including data across all visits in adjusted models. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that zinc supplementation confers a beneficial effect on the rate of head growth in Nepali infants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation on head circumference of Nepalese infants and toddlers: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2012

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“…Alguns autores relatam alteração na concentração protéica do leite por restrição do suprimento de aminoácidos necessários para a síntese de proteína do leite 15 . Neste estudo, o período no qual a agressão nutricional foi conduzida é caracterizado por um intenso processo de Valores expressos em gramas de peso corporal, mediana, valores máximos e mínimos.…”

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“…No presente estudo, utilizou-se modelo de desnutrição imposta no período de aleitamento, seguida de recuperação nutricional, com as crescimento e desenvolvimento orgânicos, o que demanda aumento das necessidades de energia e proteínas 15 . Os efeitos da restrição protéica durante o período de aleitamento foram demonstrados em ratos desde o quarto dia de vida pós-natal 16 .…”

Section: S C U S S ã Ounclassified

Desnutrição neonatal e microbiota normal da cavidade oral em ratos

et al. 2007

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ObjetivoAvaliar a influência da desnutrição neonatal sobre o padrão e o crescimento de bactérias aeróbias, da microbiota normal da cavidade oral, em ratos Wistar adultos. MétodosO material da cavidade oral foi coletado através de swabs embebidos em 40µL de solução salina estéril e colocados em tubos estéreis contendo 960µL de brain heart infusion. Posteriormente, fez-se homogeneização de cada uma amostra. Então, destes 1.000µL, retirou-se 1µL e este foi semeado em placas de Petri contendo Agar-sangue e Levine para isolamento e identificação de bactérias Gram+ e Gram-, respectivamente. Essas placas foram incubadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37 o C, 48 horas, e as unidades formadoras de colônias que cresceram foram contadas e seus percentuais calculados. Para a bacterioscopia foram confeccionadas lâminas coradas pelo método de Gram. Resultados Do 5o ao 21 o dia de vida os pesos corporais do grupo desnutrido (33,6g:42,8g, desvio-padrão=27,2g) foram menores (p<0,001) que os do grupo nutrido (52,5g:56,3g, desvio-padrão=24,0g). Dos 60 aos 120 dias de vida os pesos foram reduzidos no grupo desnutrido (248,2g:290,2g, desvio-padrão=220,2g), quando

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“…Malnutrition alters brain development and intelligence in a multi-causal context, and poverty and deprivation exacerbate these negative effects, especially when these factors persist throughout a lifetime (Ivanovic et al, 2004). Under these conditions, a stable environment that provides adequate stimulation is very difficult to achieve, and for this reason the brain damage caused by malnutrition at an early age frequently is not reversible (Brown and Pollitt, 1996). Even in the elderly, HC has been positively correlated with intelligence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, some authors have emphasized that bigger heads or brains may protect people against intellectual impairment (Schofield et al, 1997;Tisserand et al, 2001). However, it is important to emphasize that these interrelationships do not have direct cause-effect relationships since complex interactions exist between them (Brown and Pollitt, 1996). The nutritional risk of the elderly relates to their cognitive function (Pearson et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%