Malaria, Forests and People in Southeast Asia

Prothero, R. Mansell

doi:10.1111/1467-9493.00044

Cited by 33 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…14,[25][26][27][28][29] In Vietnam a large proportion of all malaria cases and deaths occurred in the central mountainous and forested areas. 28 In Myanmar, about 60% of the total malaria cases occurred in forest or forest fringe areas; forest workers (loggers, gem miners, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most parts of Southeast Asia, the year-round high rainfall and temperatures, and malaria vectors lead to persistent and intense malaria transmission. 25 However, in northern Myanmar the mountainous areas border with China, the high altitude leads to its difference from most parts of Southeast Asia; the hilly forested areas have low temperatures, fewer mosquito breeding sites, less malaria vector, and less parasite reservoirs caused by sparse population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for Border Malaria in a Malaria Elimination Setting: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Yunnan, China

Xu¹,

Liu²,

Guo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A retrospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for border malaria in a malaria elimination setting of Yunnan Province, China. The study comprised 214 cases and 428 controls. The controls were individually matched to the cases on the basis of residence, age, and gender. In addition, statistical associations are based on matched analyses. The frequencies of imported, male, adult, and vivax malaria cases were respectively 201 (93.9%), 194 (90.7%), 210 (98.1%), and 176 (82.2%). Overnight stay in Myanmar within the prior month was independently associated with malaria infection (odds ratio [OR] 159.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 75.1-338.9). In particular, stays in lowland and foothill (OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.5-11.8) or mid-hill (OR 42.8, 95% CI 5.1-319.8) areas, or near streamlets (OR 15.3, 95% CI 4.3-55.2) or paddy field or pools (OR10.1, 95% CI 4.4-55.8) were found to be independently associated with malaria. Neither forest exposure nor use of vector control measures was associated with malaria. In conclusion, travel to lowland and foothill or mid-hill hyperendemic areas, especially along the waterside in Myanmar, was found to be the highest risk factor for malaria. In considering the limitations of the study, further investigations are needed to identify the major determinants of malaria risk and develop new strategies for malaria elimination on China-Myanmar border.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Border Malaria in a Malaria Elimination Setting: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Yunnan, China

Xu¹,

Liu²,

Guo³

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Provost (2011) reported that by 2010, countries with the highest death rate per 100,000 populations are Coted'lvoire with 86.15, Angola 56.93 and Burkina Faso 50.66 all in Africa. This is attributed to consistent temperature, high humidity, significant amount of rainfall, along with stagnant waters in which mosquitoes larvae readily mature, providing them with the environment they need for continuous breeding (Prothero, 1999) and thick vegetations which prevail in African countries. Greenwood et al (2005) state that majority of the cases were found in children less than five years old and pregnant women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of malaria among children aged 1 to 15 years in Southeast Nigeria

Oko¹,

Odikamnoro²,

Uhuo³

et al. 2014

J. Public Health Epidemiol.

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An epidemiological survey was conducted on prevalence of malaria among children aged 1 to 15 years in south east Nigeria. A total of 498 children were surveyed for malaria and other morbidity indicators. Out of these, 369 which include 195 (52.8%) males and 174 (47.2%) females were from experimental household and 129, including 66 (51.2%) males and 63 (48.8%) females from control household. Before the deployment of Lambdacyhalothrin-treated household items -curtains, mats and blankets, the total malaria prevalence and all the morbidity indicators examined were (p<0.05) high among the sexes in both the experimental households and their control. By the end of the study, there was significant (p<0.05) decrease in malaria prevalence and all the associated morbidity indicators among the sexes in the experimental households. The total percentage prevalence decreased from 69.7 to 39.4%, 63.2 to 33.3% and 69.2 to 23.1% for males and 77.4 to 27.6%, 63.2 to 26.3% and 50 to 28.6% for female of ages 1 to 5, 6 to 10 and 11 to 15, respectively. The mean morbidity indicators dropped from 12.9 ≡ 13 to 1.9 ≡ 2; 9 to 0.6 ≡ 1 and 6.5 ≡ 7 to 0.6 ≡ 1 in sampled children of same age bracket but in the control households, they still remain on the increase (p < 0.05). The least malaria prevalence was 59.1% recorded among female infants and mean morbidity indicator which remained was 6.5 ≈ 7. The prevalence of malaria was comparable by sex and age and found to be statistically not significant p > 0.05.

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“…The year-round high rainfall and temperatures in tropical forests are ecological characteristics that favor the development of many kinds of mosquitoes that transmit pathogens that cause disease in humans 26 . Thus, the process of clearing forests and the subsequent human activities, such as agricultural and hydropower developments, have a high influence on the prevalence and incidence of diseases such as human malaria 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Poisson spatiotemporal regression models for the Brazilian Amazon Forest: malaria count data

Achcar

Martinez

Souza

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: Malaria is a serious problem in the Brazilian Amazon region, and the detection of possible risk factors could be of great interest for public health authorities. The objective of this article was to investigate the association between environmental variables and the yearly registers of malaria in the Amazon region using Bayesian spatiotemporal methods. Methods: We used Poisson spatiotemporal regression models to analyze the Brazilian Amazon forest malaria count for the period from 1999 to 2008. In this study, we included some covariates that could be important in the yearly prediction of malaria, such as deforestation rate. We obtained the inferences using a Bayesian approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to simulate samples for the joint posterior distribution of interest. The discrimination of different models was also discussed. Results: The model proposed here suggests that deforestation rate, the number of inhabitants per km 2 , and the human development index (HDI) are important in the prediction of malaria cases. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that human development, population growth, deforestation, and their associated ecological alterations are conducive to increasing malaria risk. We conclude that the use of Poisson regression models that capture the spatial and temporal effects under the Bayesian paradigm is a good strategy for modeling malaria counts.

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Malaria, Forests and People in Southeast Asia

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Risk Factors for Border Malaria in a Malaria Elimination Setting: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Yunnan, China

Risk Factors for Border Malaria in a Malaria Elimination Setting: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in Yunnan, China

Epidemiology of malaria among children aged 1 to 15 years in Southeast Nigeria

Use of Poisson spatiotemporal regression models for the Brazilian Amazon Forest: malaria count data

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