Malaria and HIV co-infection and their effect on haemoglobin levels from three healthcare institutions in Lagos, southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two major infections with enormous public health consequence. Together, they are endemic in many developing countries with anaemia being the most frequent haematological consequence of the infections. Objective: To determine the prevalence of malaria and HIV co-infection as well as anaemia among selected patients from three health-care institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1080 patients was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and HIV coinfection as well as anaemia. Blood sera from each of the patients were screened for malaria parasites, HIV-1 and HIV-2 using Giemsa stain, Cambridge Biotech Recombigen HIV-1/HIV-2 rapid device, respectively while haemoglobin estimation was performed using cyanmethemoglobin method. Results: Our data showed that the total number of malaria infected patients were significantly higher in HIV sero-positive patients 47.7% (31/65) when compared with their HIV sero-negative counterparts 25.8% (262/1015) P = 0.047. The result also revealed that 25.8% (8/31) of the patients co-infected with malaria and HIV had anaemia as compared to 11.1% (29/ 262) infected with malaria alone. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients with dual infection of malaria and HIV were twice likely to be anaemic than those infected with malaria alone [adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.7, P = 0.014]. Conclusion: Our data indicated a higher prevalence of malaria in HIV infected patients and also revealed that patients coinfected with malaria and HIV were more likely to be anaemic.

The Impact of HIV and Plasmodium falciparum Genetic Diversity on Anaemia in HIV-patients Attending Care and Treatment Centre at Baptist Hospital Mutengene

“…It has been reported that impaired haematopoiesis, immune-mediated cytopenias, and altered coagulation mechanisms do occur in HIV-infected individuals, probably as a result of HIV infection itself, as sequelae of HIV-related opportunistic infections or malignancies, or as a consequence of treatments used for HIV infection and related condition. This report is similar to that of a study carried out in Lagos Nigeria [30] where patients co-infected with malaria and HIV were more likely to be anaemic.…”

Effect of HIV and malaria parasites co-infection on immune-hematological profiles among patients attending anti-retroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Infectious Disease Hospital Kano, Nigeria

“…Anemia, increase plasma viral load and decrease CD4 count among HIV infected are some of the worse health outcomes due to frequent episodes of symptomatic malaria [2] [3][4]. HIV may facilitates geographic expansion of malaria in areas where HIV prevalence is high.…”

Peripheral Parasitaemia and Its Association With Plasma Cytokines Levels in Malaria-Infected Pregnant Women in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

“…Malaria, a mosquito-borne parasitic infection caused by species of Plasmodium, is the leading cause of pregnancyassociated death in sub-Saharan Africa (Sanyaolu et al, 2013;Sonny-Johnbull et al, 2014;Gething et al, 2016;Maitland, 2016;Sued et al, 2016). In sub-Saharan Africa, 25 million pregnant women are currently at risk for malaria, accounting for 10,000 maternal and 200,000 neonatal deaths per year (Matangila et al, 2014;Mbah et al, 2015).…”