Majocchi&amp;rsquo;s granuloma: current perspectives

Boral, Hazal; Durdu, Murat; İlkit, Macit

doi:10.2147/idr.s145027

Cited by 59 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The second type is subcutaneous nodules that usually happens in immunosuppressed hosts and in the upper limbs, clinical manifestations characterized by groups of nodules [1]. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause of Majocchi's granuloma, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton violaceum, and Trichophyton tonsurans [2]. In this case report, an immunocompetent patient developed nodules after trauma and we confirmed that the pathogen was Trichophyton tonsurans.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Majocchi’s granuloma on the forearm caused by Trichophyton tonsurans in an immunocompetent patient

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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Majocchi's granuloma is an uncommon fungal infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The most frequently identified cause of Majocchi's granuloma is anthropophilic Trichophyton rubrum, and it is most commonly located on the anterior aspect of the lower limbs in women. Here, we report a case of Majocchi's granuloma on the forearm, a site that is rarely involved, in a 62-year-old woman who had been bitten by a dog. Histological examination revealed a dense dermal infiltrate composed of lymphoplasmacytic cells and neutrophils, with hyphae in the dermis. The presence of the fungus, Trichophyton tonsurans, was confirmed by mycological examination and molecular methods. Therefore, histological and mycological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Majocchi's granuloma. The patient was treated with local moxibustion and itraconazole, 200 mg/day, for 60 days, which facilitated a complete resolution of the lesions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Majocchi’s granuloma on the forearm caused by Trichophyton tonsurans in an immunocompetent patient

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

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“… 72 T. rubum is the most common causative organism, followed by T. interdigitale , T. violaceum , and T. tonsurans . 72 , 73 Majocchi granuloma typically presents as inflammatory perifollicular papules or pustules, mainly on the face or limbs ( Figure 4 ). 24 , 73 , 74 Nodular lesion and subcutaneous abscess are more commonly seen in immunocompromised individuals.…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tinea corporis: an updated review

Leung¹,

Lam²,

Leong³

et al. 2020

DIC

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Background Tinea corporis is a common fungal infection that mimics many other annular lesions. Physicians must familiarize themselves with this condition and its treatment. Objective This article aimed to provide a narrative updated review on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of tinea corporis. Methods A PubMed search was performed with Clinical Queries using the key term ‘tinea corporis.’ The search strategy included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English language. The information retrieved from the mentioned search was used in the compilation of the present article. Results Tinea corporis typically presents as a well-demarcated, sharply circumscribed, oval or circular, mildly erythematous, scaly patch or plaque with a raised leading edge. Mild pruritus is common. The diagnosis is often clinical but can be difficult with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. Dermoscopy is a useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool. If necessary, the diagnosis can be confirmed by microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet-mount preparations of skin scrapings from the active border of the lesion. Fungal culture is the gold standard to diagnose dermatophytosis especially if the diagnosis is in doubt and results of other tests are inconclusive or the infection is widespread, severe, or resistant to treatment. The standard treatment of tinea corporis is with topical antifungals. Systemic antifungal treatment is indicated if the lesion is multiple, extensive, deep, recurrent, chronic, or unresponsive to topical antifungal treatment, or if the patient is immunodeficient. Conclusion The diagnosis of tinea corporis is usually clinical and should pose no problem to the physician provided the lesion is typical. However, many clinical variants of tinea corporis exist, rendering the diagnosis difficult especially with prior use of medications, such as calcineurin inhibitors or corticosteroids. As such, physicians must be familiar with this condition so that an accurate diagnosis can be made and appropriate treatment initiated.

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“…The underlying mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MG are not well known, although some hypotheses have been advanced, all based on host‐ and microorganism‐related factors. The first and most important host‐related factor is trauma of the skin due to shaving or scratching, that along with immunosuppression are believed to cause fungal invasion …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Painful nodules also mimic erythema nodosum, thrombophlebitis, and erythema induratum of Bazin. In immunosuppressed patients, it is important to distinguish MG from some tumoral diseases such as Kaposi sarcoma and lymphoma …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%