We have recently noticed an outbreak of chilblain-like lesions in Italy contemporarily to COVID-19 epidemic. Due to the wellknown lockdown-related difficulties to visit the patients, 1 we created a Google form aimed to collect information about patients presenting with these singular clinical findings. An easy to access and quick tool was chosen by the investigators in order to permit the other colleagues to spend the least amount of time, given the severe health emergency. The form was submitted through social media and email to hundreds of Italian dermatologists and paediatricians. In 5 days, we collected 63 patients through the form, but data are still going to be collected. Here the first preliminary results. No significant difference in gender was noticed (57.4% females vs 47.6% males). The median age was 14 years (IQR: 12-16). Feet alone were mostly affected (85.7%) followed by feet/hands together (7%) and hands alone (6%). Pictures of patients were uploaded in 54 patients, with 31/ 54 presenting with erythematous-oedematous lesions (Fig. 1) and 23/54 with blistering lesions (Fig. 2). Pain and itch were equally observed (27% vs. 27%), followed by pain/itch together shown in 20.6% of patients. Asymptomatic lesions were present in 25.4%. Median time from the onset to clinical diagnosis was 10 days (IQR: 6-15). At time of diagnosis, most patients pre-

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The use of dermoscopy has offered a new morphological dimension of skin lesions and has provided an effective diagnostic tool to differentiate melanoma from other benign or malignant skin tumors but also to support the clinical diagnosis in general dermatology. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the most recent and important advances in the rising world of dermoscopy.

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Importance: To date, no dermoscopic features have been described for the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL). This tool might be helpful for the clinical differential diagnosis in the context of single erythematous nodules of the skin. Observations: Ten cases of PCBCL, presenting clinically as solitary red/pinkish nodules, were retrospectively retrieved. Patient data were collected along with dermoscopic and histopathological features of each lesion. Most lesions (9/10) showed white circles with a salmon-colored background/area (6 lesions), scales (7 lesions), arborizing vessels (5 lesions) or a polymorphous vascular pattern (2 lesions). Histology revealed a cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma in 6 lesions, a follicle center lymphoma in 2 lesions and a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 2 lesions. Conclusions and Relevance: Dermoscopic examination may be helpful for improving the clinical recognition of PCBCL although skin biopsy remains mandatory.

Nowadays, dermoscopy is a global worldwide diffuse diagnostic tool supporting clinicians in their daily hard task of correct orientation among dermatological diseases. Born to be an instrument for early diagnosis of skin cancer, the dermatoscope is now considered the dermatologist’s stethoscope, as it can be routinely used to support diagnosis in general dermatology, so spreading its utility in cutaneous inflammatory and infectious diseases, as adjuvant and not substitute to histology and potassium hydroxide examination. As concerns the latter, plenty of papers have been published since the first description of dermoscopic findings of scabies. The aim of this review is to give the clinician a practical approach to dermoscopic parameters of cutaneous infectious diseases with a focus on the latest updates in this topic.

The concept of 'locus minoris resistentiae' (lmr) is an old but still effective way of thinking in Medicine. In Dermatology, there are many reports of privileged localization of cutaneous diseases on injured skin, which therefore represents a typical condition of lmr. Lately the innovative concept of immunocompromised cutaneous district (ICD) has been introduced to explain why a previously injured cutaneous site may become in time a privileged location for the outbreak of opportunistic infections, tumors, and immune reactions. An ample documentation of multifarious disorders (infectious, neoplastic, immune) appearing in ICDs was delineated by Ruocco et al. in 2009. These cases were grouped according to the clinical settings responsible for the local immune imbalance: regional chronic lymphedema; herpes-infected sites, which feature the well-known Wolf's isotopic response; and otherwise damaged areas, comprising sites of vaccination, ionizing or UV radiation, thermal burns, and traumas. In the following five years, what was a "novel" pathogenic concept has been extended to an enlarging variety of clinical conditions. This paper focuses on ICD and the expanding spectrum of this now established pathogenic concept.