Maintaining Disturbance-Dependent Habitats

Navarro, Laetitia M.; Kaplan, Jed O.; Pereira, Henrique M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12039-3_8

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Successful adaptive management requires strong partnerships between various stakeholder groups and incorporates stakeholder knowledge and values to facilitate learning and collaboration between scientists, land managers, communities, and government at local, national, and international levels. activity reached its highest levels during the Iron Age (Pyne 1997, Navarro et al 2015. As landscapes became more fragmented, the use of fire became utilitarian, for uses such as crop enhancement, charcoal production, and smelting activities.…”

Section: A Brief Review Of the History Of Fire Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and fire management in the Anthropocene

Gillson¹,

Whitlock²,

Humphrey³

2019

E&S

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Fire management around the world is now undergoing extensive review, with a move toward fire management plans that maintain biodiversity and other ecosystems services, while at the same time mitigating the negative impacts to people and property. There is also increasing recognition of the historical and anthropogenic dimensions that underlie current fire regimes and the likelihood that projected future climate change will lead to more fires in most regions. Concurrently, resilience theory is playing an increasingly important role in understanding social-ecological systems, and new principles are emerging for building resilience in both human and natural components. Long-term fire data, provided by paleoecological and historical studies, provide a baseline of knowledge about the linkages between climate, vegetation, fire regimes, and humans across multiple temporal and spatial scales. This information reveals how processes interacting over multiple spatial and temporal scales shape the local fire conditions that influence human and ecological response. This multiscale perspective is an important addition to adaptive fire management strategies that seek to build resilience, incorporate stakeholder perspectives, and support polycentric decision making.

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Section: A Brief Review Of the History Of Fire Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience and fire management in the Anthropocene

Gillson¹,

Whitlock²,

Humphrey³

2019

E&S

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“…With widespread human settlement in the Medieval and Historic periods, mountain forests became more restricted and managed, with consequent effects on vegetation structure, composition, and function (Conedera et al, 2017). Long-term trends in fires vary among regions (e.g., Navarro et al, 2015), but in general the size and frequency of fires has declined in recent centuries with increased forest fragmentation and active fire management (Conedera et al, 2017; Table 1). Presently, human-set ignition and land use determine fire occurrence in most mountain regions, with the possible exception of remote forests on the Balkan Peninsula where fires are primarily driven by climate (e.g., Panayotov et al, 2017).…”

Section: Disturbances In European Mountain Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems

Kulakowski

Seidl

Holeksa

et al. 2017

Forest Ecology and Management

188

110

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Mountain forests are among the most important ecosystems in Europe as they support numerous ecological, hydrological, climatic, social, and economic functions. They are unique relatively natural ecosystems consisting of long-lived species in an otherwise densely populated human landscape. Despite this, centuries of intensive forest management in many of these forests have eclipsed evidence of natural processes, especially the role of disturbances in long-term forest dynamics. Recent trends of land abandonment and establishment of protected forests have coincided with a growing interest in managing forests in more natural states. At the same time, the importance of past disturbances highlighted in an emerging body of literature, and recent increasing disturbances due to climate change are challenging long-held views of dynamics in these ecosystems. Here, we synthesize aspects of this Special Issue on the ecology of mountain forest ecosystems in Europe in the context of broader discussions in the field, to present a new perspective on these ecosystems and their natural disturbance regimes. Most mountain forests in Europe, for which long-term data are available, show a strong and long-term effect of not only human land use but also of natural disturbances that vary by orders of magnitude in size and Europe PMC Funders Author ManuscriptsEurope PMC Funders Author Manuscripts frequency. Although these disturbances may kill many trees, the forests themselves have not been threatened. The relative importance of natural disturbances, land use, and climate change for ecosystem dynamics varies across space and time. Across the continent, changing climate and land use are altering forest cover, forest structure, tree demography, and natural disturbances, including fires, insect outbreaks, avalanches, and wind disturbances. Projected continued increases in forest area and biomass along with continued warming are likely to further promote forest disturbances. Episodic disturbances may foster ecosystem adaptation to the effects of ongoing and future climatic change. Increasing disturbances, along with trends of less intense land use, will promote further increases in coarse woody debris, with cascading positive effects on biodiversity, edaphic conditions, biogeochemical cycles, and increased heterogeneity across a range of spatial scales. Together, this may translate to disturbance-mediated resilience of forest landscapes and increased biodiversity, as long as climate and disturbance regimes remain within the tolerance of relevant species. Understanding ecological variability, even imperfectly, is integral to anticipating vulnerabilities and promoting ecological resilience, especially under growing uncertainty. Allowing some forests to be shaped by natural processes may be congruent with multiple goals of forest management, even in densely settled and developed countries.

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“…In regions, such as the humid tropics, where most native species are unable to use anthropogenic habitats, the winners are expected to predominate, but in Europe, where many species are adapted to open or semi-open habitats, losers often outnumber winners, at least locally [38,39]. The recolonization or reintroduction of large herbivores may help to maintain some open habitats and prescribed burning may be useful in some landscapes [40]. The native biodiversity of Europe and other areas persisted through the early Holocene forest maximum, but the areas available for rewilding today do not include all facets of the landscape and may thus not include the specific refuges from forest closure that a particular species requires.…”

Section: Benefits Of Rewildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Rewilding in Landscape Design for Conservation

Corlett

2016

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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Rewilding means returning a non-wild area back to the wild. It implies a reduction or cessation of human control in favour of allowing nature to take care of itself. The concept originated in North America, where it was initially focused on reconnecting existing wilderness areas and re-establishing populations of large carnivores and other large vertebrates. The modern literature is dominated by European studies, however, in which rewilding is seen as a management option for the increasing areas of abandoned agricultural land. Although modern rewilding looks forward to a future wildness that is not necessarily the same as the past, evidence from past ecosystems gives inspiration and support for a hands-off approach. Late Pleistocene ecosystems provide a major challenge since they show the irreplaceable roles of the now largely extinct megafauna. Large-scale rewilding will benefit some charismatic large vertebrates, but probably at the expense of many disturbance-dependent species, with the overall impact likely to differ in different regions. Other potential problems include the loss of valued biocultural landscapes and an increase in human-wildlife conflicts. Benefits may include increased recreational opportunities, enhanced ecosystem services, and greater resilience, as well as less quantifiable social benefits and spiritual values. Rewilding science needs to catch up with rewilding practice, and there is an urgent need for replicated, large-scale, long-term experiments.

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Maintaining Disturbance-Dependent Habitats

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

Resilience and fire management in the Anthropocene

Resilience and fire management in the Anthropocene

A walk on the wild side: Disturbance dynamics and the conservation and management of European mountain forest ecosystems

The Role of Rewilding in Landscape Design for Conservation

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