Abstract:BackgroundSpecialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) in Barrett’s esophagus is a risk factor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It often occurs focally and cannot be distinguished from surrounding columnar epithelium with conventional endoscopy.AimsThe purpose of this study was evaluation of methylene blue (MB) staining and magnification endoscopy with comparison of pit-pattern classifications according to Endo and Guelrud, in detection of SIM in Barrett’s esophagus.MethodsTwenty-five patients, aged 33–77 years (avera… Show more
“…Magnification endoscopy equipped with a system of movable lenses enables the size and visible details of mucosa to be magnified up to 150 times. 80 NBI via a narrow-bandwidth filter allows penetration at peak wavelengths of 415 (blue) and 540 (green) nm, which highlights the superficial mucosal vasculature. 81,82 However, these advances heavily rely on visual information of gross morphologic changes and not on biochemical or molecular analysis, resulting in poor ability for an early diagnosis.…”
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop noninvasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
“…Magnification endoscopy equipped with a system of movable lenses enables the size and visible details of mucosa to be magnified up to 150 times. 80 NBI via a narrow-bandwidth filter allows penetration at peak wavelengths of 415 (blue) and 540 (green) nm, which highlights the superficial mucosal vasculature. 81,82 However, these advances heavily rely on visual information of gross morphologic changes and not on biochemical or molecular analysis, resulting in poor ability for an early diagnosis.…”
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop noninvasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
“…Some GI diseases involve microscopic features that manifest below the tissue surface. Because video imaging only provides information about the superficial mucosal structures, these features cannot be seen with conventional endoscopy or even higher resolution forms of endoscopy such as high-definition magnification endoscopy 3 . For these cases, the physician must randomly biopsy multiple portions of the organ with the hope of sampling the correct spot, which, unfortunately, is often missed.…”
Here, we introduce “tethered capsule endomicroscopy,” that involves swallowing an optomechanically-engineered pill that captures cross-sectional, 30 μm (lateral) × 7 μm (axial) resolution, microscopic images of the gut wall as it travels through the digestive tract. Results in human subjects show that this technique rapidly provides three-dimensional, microstructural images of the upper gastrointestinal tract in a simple and painless procedure, opening up new opportunities for screening for internal diseases.
“…Magnification enables the physician to see and analyze a characteristic structure called a pit pattern. The use of magnification endoscopy with the pit pattern analysis has higher sensitivity than the use of methylene blue chromoendoscopy [ 86 ]. Moreover, magnification endoscopy may correspond to an increase in cell cycles in BE [ 87 ].…”
Barrett’s esophagus is a metaplastic change of esophageal mucosa, which can be characterized by its salmon-colored lining and the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It is a well-established precancerous state of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with very poor survival rates, which incidence is rapidly growing. Despite numerous research, the debate about its diagnosis and management is still ongoing. This article aims to provide an overview of the current recommendations and new discoveries regarding the subject.
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