Magnetic water treatment for scale prevention

Gabrielli, C.; Jaouhari, R.; Maurin, G.; Keddam, M.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00010-0

Cited by 201 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This hardness can be considered as moderate by comparison with the values used by many authors [6][7][8][9]. The pH of solution resulting from this preparation was about 6.4.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 51%

“…Gabrielli [6] found the increasing of the precipitation of CaCO 3 up to 25 % when the flow circulation still running, while using the same system, Fathi [7] found the increasing of the precipitation of CaCO 3 after the circulation has already completed. According to Fathi, the difference of the result is caused by the difference of analysis method that they used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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EFFECTS OF pH ON CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION UNDER MAGNETIC FIELD

Saksono¹,

Bismo²,

Soemantojo

et al. 2010

MST

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Magnetic field effect on CaCO 3 precipitation is the key parameter in evaluating the effectiveness of Anti-scale Magnetic Treatment (AMT). The purpose of this study was to investigate magnetic fields influence on CaCO 3 precipitation in high and low super-saturated CaCO 3 solution by varied pH CaCO 3 solution using circulation flow fluid system. The observation results in the high super saturated solution (pH 8.5) showed the increase of precipited CaCO 3 in magnetized solutions compared to those in non-magnetic solution during circulation process. In the low super-saturated CaCO 3 solution (pH 6.4) it was found that magnetic treatment increased CaCO 3 precipitation after circulation process. In high super-saturated solution, magnetic field strengthens ion interactions, which reduce precipitation during circulation process. However, in low super-saturated CaCO 3 solution, magnetic field weakens hydrate ion interaction which indicated by decreasing of the conductivity of solution. It increases the precipitation of CaCO 3 after the circulation of magnetization process has completed.

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“…This hardness can be considered as moderate by comparison with the values used by many authors [6][7][8][9]. The pH of solution resulting from this preparation was about 6.4.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

EFFECTS OF pH ON CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION UNDER MAGNETIC FIELD

Saksono¹,

Bismo²,

Soemantojo

et al. 2010

MST

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“…The effect of static magnetic and electromagnetic fields (EMF) on water or on the behavior of aqueous solutions and suspensions has increasingly drawn the attention of investigators in recent years [1][2][3][4][5] . For instance, it has been shown that water exhibits changes in physicochemical properties in response to variations of field intensity and/or frequency 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pulsed low frequency electromagnetic fields on water using photoluminescence spectroscopy: Role of bubble/water interface

Vallée

Lafait

Mentré

et al. 2005

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The effects of a pulsed low frequency electromagnetic field were investigated on photoluminescence of well characterized water and prepared under controlled conditions (container, atmospheric, electromagnetic, and acoustic environments). When reference water samples were excited at 260 nm, two wide emission bands centered at 345 nm (3.6 eV) and 425 nm (2.9 eV) were observed. By contrast under 310 nm excitation, only one band appeared at 425 nm. Interestingly, electromagnetic treatment (EMT) induced, at both excitation wavelengths, a decrease (around 70%) in the 425 nm band relative photoluminescence intensity. However, no difference between reference and treated sample was observed in the 345 nm band. Other experiments, performed on outgassed samples (reference and treated), show that the emission bands (position, shape, intensity) under excitation at 260 nm and 310 nm were similar and close to the corresponding bands of the treated nonoutgassed samples. Similar effects were observed on photoluminescence excitation of water samples. Two excitation bands monitored at 425 nm were observed at 272 nm and 330 nm. After EMT and/or outgassing, a decrease (> 60%) was observed in the intensity of these two bands. Altogether, these results indicate that electromagnetic treatment and/or outgassing decrease in a similar fashion the photoluminescence intensity in water samples. They also suggest that this effect is most likely indirectly attributed to the presence of gas bubbles in water. The possible role of hydrated ionic shell around the bubbles in the observed extraluminescence is discussed.

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“…Figure 5 shows SEM images of the precipitates formed under treatments and respective controls. (Gabrielli, Jaouhari, Maurin, & Keddam, 2001). Changes in crystal structure may reduce scaling by facilitating deposition rather than adherence but this will be a function of the system design as hydrodynamic shear effects will alter from system to system, as will the presence of biofilms and other causes of scale adhesion.…”

Section: Ca(no₃)₂4h₂omentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of electromagnetic fields from two commercially available water-treatment devices on calcium carbonate precipitation

Piyadasa

Yeager

Gray

et al. 2017

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The marketing and implementation of commercially available pulsedelectromagnetic field (PEMF) devices to ostensibly control scaling, in processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and cooling-tower installations, is based on the notion that such devices enhance the coagulation of inorganic particles such as calcium carbonate. In order to provide a scientific basis for such claims, the precipitation characteristics of calcium carbonate under the influence of the PEMFs from two commercially available devices has been investigated under controlled conditions. Thus the rate and profile of calcium carbonate precipitation in the presence and absence of PEMF exposure of parent calcium nitrate and sodium carbonate aqueous solutions was tracked in parallel by UV absorption at 350 nm and by turbidity measurements. The morphology of the corresponding crystalline precipitates was, at the same time, also assessed using SEM. From these studies, is apparent that exposure of the parent solutions to the PEMF from one of these devices in particular can influence both the profile of CaCO3 precipitation and the morphology of the resulting microcrystals.

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Magnetic water treatment for scale prevention

Cited by 201 publications

References 16 publications

EFFECTS OF pH ON CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION UNDER MAGNETIC FIELD

EFFECTS OF pH ON CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION UNDER MAGNETIC FIELD

Effects of pulsed low frequency electromagnetic fields on water using photoluminescence spectroscopy: Role of bubble/water interface

The influence of electromagnetic fields from two commercially available water-treatment devices on calcium carbonate precipitation

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