Magnetic phase diagram of CrPS<sub>4</sub> and its exchange interaction in contact with NiFe

Ding, Shilei; Peng, Yuxuan; Xue, Mingzhu; Liu, Zhou; Liang, Zhongyu; Yang, Wenyun; Sun, Yiming; Zhao, J. G.; Wang, Changsheng; Liu, Shunquan; Han, Jingquan; Yang, Jinbo

doi:10.1088/1361-648x/ab9e2d

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…At 5 K, the magnitude of H EB for a CrPS 4 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 device with a pristine interface is found to be ∼12.5 mT (±1 mT), which gradually decreases as the temperature is increased and found to be negligible (<2 mT) above 20 K, the T B of CrPS 4 as reported previously. 22 We also observed a switching of the polarity of EB from negative to positive at 15 K close to the T B , similar to the observations by S. Ding et al, where they observed switching EB behavior in pristine CrPS 4 /FeNi interface. 22 Interestingly, the observed T B for a CrPS 4 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 system is found to be 20 K, significantly lower than the T N of CrPS 4 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…22 We also observed a switching of the polarity of EB from negative to positive at 15 K close to the T B , similar to the observations by S. Ding et al, where they observed switching EB behavior in pristine CrPS 4 /FeNi interface. 22 Interestingly, the observed T B for a CrPS 4 /Fe 3 GeTe 2 system is found to be 20 K, significantly lower than the T N of CrPS 4 . An estimation of the interfacial exchange coupling energy between CrPS 4 and Fe 3 GeTe 2 , calculated using a simplistic model provided by D. Mauri et al, 26 is comparable to the weaker interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange coupling (0.16 meV) in CrPS 4 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂

Puthirath Balan,

Kumar,

Scholz

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures are an attractive platform for studying exchange bias due to their defect-free and atomically flat interfaces. Chromium thiophosphate (CrPS 4 ), an antiferromagnetic material, possesses uncompensated magnetic spins in a single layer, rendering it a promising candidate for exploring exchange bias phenomena. Recent findings have highlighted that naturally oxidized vdW ferromagnetic Fe 3 GeTe 2 exhibits exchange bias, attributed to the antiferromagnetic coupling of its ultrathin surface oxide layer (O-FGT) with the underlying unoxidized Fe 3 GeTe 2 . Anomalous Hall measurements are employed to scrutinize the exchange bias within the CrPS 4 /(O-FGT)/Fe 3 GeTe 2 heterostructure. This analysis takes into account the contributions from both the perfectly uncompensated interfacial CrPS 4 layer and the interfacial oxide layer. Intriguingly, a distinct and nonmonotonic exchange bias trend is observed as a function of temperature below 140 K. The occurrence of exchange bias induced by a "preset field" implies that the prevailing phase in the polycrystalline surface oxide is ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 . Moreover, the exchange bias induced by the ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 is significantly modulated by the presence of the van der Waals antiferromagnetic CrPS 4 layer, forming a heterostructure, along with additional iron oxide phases within the oxide layer. These findings underscore the intricate and complex nature of exchange bias in van der Waals heterostructures, highlighting their potential for tailored manipulation and control.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂

Puthirath Balan,

Kumar,

Scholz

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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“…In a system with sizable DMI, Néel type domain walls are energetically favorable over the Bloch type domain walls [28]. The current-induced effective field 𝜇 0 H eff , generated by the dampinglike spin orbit torque, can drive the Néel domain wall similarly to the effect of an out-of-plane field in a direction related to the chirality of the domain wall [28], which will lead the horizontal shift of the hysteresis loops, similarly to the exchange bias field in PMA exchange bias systems [29]. Figure 1b shows the shifted hysteresis loops in the presence of a charge current of density +2.2 × 10 10 Am -2 and -2.2 × 10 10 Am -2 for a GGG / TmIG (5.4) / Pt (7) (units in nanometer) sample, where reversing the polarity of the probing current leads to a negative displacement of the out-of-plane hysteresis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying the origin of the nonmonotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure

et al. 2020

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Electrical manipulation of magnetism via spin-orbit torques (SOTs) promises efficient spintronic devices. In systems comprising magnetic insulators and heavy metals, SOTs have started to be investigated only recently, especially in systems with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI). Here, we quantitatively study the SOT efficiency and iDMI in a series of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) / thulium iron garnet (TmIG) / platinum (Pt) heterostructures with varying TmIG and Pt thicknesses. We find that the non-monotonic SOT efficiency as a function of the magnetic layer thickness is not consistent with the 1/thickness dependence expected from a simple interfacial SOT mechanism. Moreover, considering the insulating nature of TmIG, our results cannot be explained by the SOT mechanism established for metallic magnets where the transverse charge spin current can 2 inject and dephase in the magnetic layers. Rather we can explain this non-monotonic behavior by a model based on the interfacial spin mixing conductance that is affected by the thickness-dependent exchange splitting energy by determining the phase difference of the reflected spin-up and spin-down electrons at the TmIG / Pt interface. By studying the Pt thickness dependence, we find that the effective DMI for GGG / TmIG / Pt does not depend on the Pt thickness, which indicates that the GGG / TmIG interface is the source of the iDMI in this system. Our work demonstrates that SOT and DMI can originate from two different interfaces, which enables independent optimization of DMI and SOT for advanced chiral spintronics with low damping magnetic insulators.

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“…[243] Exchange-bias effect was also found in CrPS 4 flakes covered with 5 nm NiFe. [244] Except for A-type AFMs mentioned above, MPS 3 (M = transition metal) vdW family with C-type and G-type AFM is the most studied. The primary magnetic properties have been summarized in some reviews.…”

Section: -9mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic van der Waals materials: Synthesis, structure, magnetism, and their potential applications

Lin

Peng

et al. 2022

Chinese Phys. B

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As the family of magnetic materials is rapidly growing, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnets have attracted increasing attention as a platform to explore fundamental physical problems of magnetism and their potential applications. This paper reviews the recent progress on emergent vdW magnetic compounds and their potential applications in devices. First, we summarize the current vdW magnetic materials and their synthetic methods. Then, we focus on their structure and the modulation of magnetic properties by analyzing the representative vdW magnetic materials with different magnetic structures. In addition, we pay attention to the heterostructures of vdW magnetic materials, which are expected to produce revolutionary applications of magnetism-related devices. To motivate the researchers in this area, we finally provide the challenges and outlook on 2D vdW magnetism.

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Magnetic phase diagram of CrPS₄ and its exchange interaction in contact with NiFe

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂

Identifying the origin of the nonmonotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure

Magnetic van der Waals materials: Synthesis, structure, magnetism, and their potential applications

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Magnetic phase diagram of CrPS4 and its exchange interaction in contact with NiFe

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS4 and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe3GeTe2

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS4 and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe3GeTe2

Identifying the origin of the nonmonotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure

Magnetic van der Waals materials: Synthesis, structure, magnetism, and their potential applications

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Magnetic phase diagram of CrPS₄ and its exchange interaction in contact with NiFe

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂

Harnessing Van der Waals CrPS₄ and Surface Oxides for Nonmonotonic Preset Field Induced Exchange Bias in Fe₃GeTe₂