Magnesium Deficiency Anemia in the Rat Fetus

Cosens, Gladys; Diamond, Israel; Theriault, Linda L.; Hurle, Lucille S

doi:10.1203/00006450-197706000-00013

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In both groups the fetuses were slightly hypomagnesemic but not the dams. The fetal hypomagnesemia was supported, in accord with the observations of Cosens et al [28], by the fetal anemia (low hemoglo bin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts) and the increased erythroblastic activity (ta ble 2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

Giavini¹,

Roversi²

1990

Neonatology

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In spite of improvements in the treatment of diabetes, the risk of congenital malformations in diabetic pregnancy is three to four times higher than in normal pregnancy. This might be due to the metabolic abnormalities of diabetic pregnancy that also affect mineral metabolism. Since diabetes can lower both maternal and fetal blood Mg levels, and Mg deficiency has been shown to be teratogenic in laboratory animals, we decided to investigate which effects Mg deficiency would have in inducing embryopathy in diabetic animals. Female CD rats were divided into six groups. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a standard diet (Mg content 4,200 ppm), groups 3–6 a purified diet (Mg contents 4,200, 500, 250, or 125 ppm). Groups 2–6 had been made diabetic by an intravenous injection of 50 mg/kg streptozocin 1 week before mating. The rats were killed on day 21 of pregnancy, and the live fetuses were examined for external, skeletal, and visceral malformations. The maternal and fetal blood glucose levels were the same in all diabetic groups. The maternal Mg levels in groups 2 and 3 were the same as in controls, but definitely lower in groups 4–6. Embryotoxicity (embryonic deaths, delayed development, congenital malformations) was higher in the groups fed the purified diet than in group 2, but without a clear relation to the dietary Mg levels. We cannot draw any conclusions about the effects of Mg deficiency in diabetic pregnancy from our results, but they show that the quality of the diet is of major importance in the manifestation of embryotoxicity in diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

Giavini¹,

Roversi²

1990

Neonatology

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“…For inadequate intake of Mg, our results support the study conducted in Chinese adults that low Mg intake together with low iron intake were increased anemia risk [25]. Mg deficiency can cause anemia because of reduction of hemoglobin synthesis and disruption of cell membrane of erythrocytes [26]. This result support the previous studies that interaction between iron and Mn occurs due to similarities in absorption and transport mechanism.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

High Prevalence Anemia in Female Adolescents with Low Intake of Vitamins and Minerals

Noviani¹,

Indarto²,

Probandari³

2018

Proceedings of the 2nd Public Health International Conference (PHICo 2017)

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Anemia is a global public health problem which female adolescents are one of the most vulnerable age groups. Anemia in female adolescents which is caused by micronutrients deficiency can influence physical growth and academic performance. Vitamin and mineral have important roles in erythrocyte formation and enhancement of iron absorption. Hence the objective of this study was to determine association between intake of vitamins, minerals and anemia in female adolescents. This study was conducted in 3 Senior and 2 Vocational High Schools in Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java. There were 120 female adolescents who participated in this study, aged 13-17 years old, and were at year X and XI. They did not have menstruation and worm infection. Anemia was determined from Hb concentration using the cyanmethemoglobin method while vitamins and minerals intake were obtained from 24-hour recall questionnaire in two alternating days. Association between vitamins and minerals intake and anemia was analyzed using chi-square test (p<0.05). Anemia was found in 37.5% female adolescents and the result of chi-square analysis indicated a positive association between folic acid (OR=1.6), Magnesium (OR=1.17) and Manganese (OR=1.97) and anemia, but it was not significant. Inadequate vitamin B 12 intake increased 1.78 times anemia risk. Higher risk of anemia was found in female adolescents with inadequate intake of Vitamin B 1 (OR=1.65) and Magnesium (OR=1.11). Whereas adequate intake of Manganese decreased 0.537 times anemia risk. Vitamins and minerals intake do not associate with anemia but it increases anemia risk in female adolescents in Sukoharjo Regency.

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“…First, it was identified that the Mg 2+ content in erythrocytes was higher in cases of anemia [ 132 ]. Subsequently, a series of studies showed that Mg 2+ deficiency triggered fetal growth restriction and microcytic anemia, fragmentation of red blood cells, and impaired osmotic fragility in offspring from deficient mothers and in adult rats, while the latter also displayed reticulocytosis, which was attributed to changes in the energy metabolism and membrane of erythrocytes [ 133 , 134 , 135 ]. Moreover, red blood cells (RBC) from animals with Mg 2+ deficiency seem to age faster, whereas reticulocytosis indicates that the bone marrow might maintain erythropoiesis during low plasma Mg 2+ concentration [ 45 ].…”

Section: The Role Of Mg 2+ In Hematopoiesismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

Lima

Fock

2020

IJMS

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Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.

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Magnesium Deficiency Anemia in the Rat Fetus

Cited by 15 publications

References 9 publications

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

Congenital Malformations in Offspring of Diabetic Rats: Experimental Study on the Influence of the Diet Composition and Magnesium Intake

High Prevalence Anemia in Female Adolescents with Low Intake of Vitamins and Minerals

A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

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