A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis

Abstract

Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.

SLN124, a GalNac‐siRNA targeting transmembrane serine protease 6, in combination with deferiprone therapy reduces ineffective erythropoiesis and hepatic iron‐overload in a mouse model of β‐thalassaemia

“…Slc39a8 is highly expressed during early stages of erythropoiesis leading to increased intracellular zinc 42 . Similarly, the Mg receptor (MagT1) is expressed in high levels by erythroblasts and may also contribute to higher Mg content in erythrocytes during anaemia 43–45 . Considering the Hbb th3/+ spleen represents a major site of ineffective erythropoiesis, with increased number of immature erythroblast at the polychromatic and orthochromatic phase, we propose that immature erythroblasts contribute to elevated Zn and Mg levels in the spleen.…”

Extracellular vesicle‐mediated delivery of circDYM alleviates CUS‐induced depressive‐like behaviours

“…Consistent with these predictions, the present study indicated that TAF1 directly regulate Trpm6 and Cyp39a1 expression based on ChIP assays. Transient receptor potential melastatin 6 (TRPM6) is a magnesium channel and involved in the cellular magnesium homeostasis (Lima & Fock, 2020). TRPM6 has recently been discovered in immune cells and upregulated under oxidative stress in human monocytes (Wuensch et al., 2010).…”

Part I: Dentinogenic Effect of Magnesium Oxide on Normal Human Dental Pulp Cells: An In Vitro Study

“…However, MgO concentrations higher than 0.5 mM showed lower SDH activity values compared to the negative control. It can be postulated that the microenvironment where the cells reside can be affected by ions arising from the material dissolution affecting cell behavior [58]. Previous studies have shown that an increment in Mg 2+ ion concentration caused by MgO degradation forms a high osmotic pressure, and that the alkaline environment caused by released hydroxide ions may leak gradually to the culture cells causing severe cytotoxicity.…”